DMMcG, why do you choose 1986 as the cusp year between Awakening and Unraveling (or whatever you call those turnings)? I have seen early 80s years like 1980-84 (or even a rare 85) and late 80s years like 1987 or 1988, but never an 1986 - what happened in 86 that makes you feel that the turning changed?

DMMcG, why do you choose 1986 as the cusp year between Awakening and Unraveling (or whatever you call those turnings)? I have seen early 80s years like 1980-84 (or even a rare 85) and late 80s years like 1987 or 1988, but never an 1986 - what happened in 86 that makes you feel that the turning changed?

DMMcG, why do you choose 1986 as the cusp year between Awakening and Unraveling (or whatever you call those turnings)? I have seen early 80s years like 1980-84 (or even a rare 85) and late 80s years like 1987 or 1988, but never an 1986 - what happened in 86 that makes you feel that the turning changed?

I use 1986 as the year that separates the spiritual and cultural warfare periods of the 4thGA because of the Challenger disaster (a generatinally shared moment for all nomads in school that day) and Chernobyl. Both events caused modern society to question the power of science and worry about the future. Similar to the Titanic in 1912 which I use to separate the spiritual and cultural warfare periods of the 3rdGA. HTH DMMcG

I use 1986 as the year that separates the spiritual and cultural warfare periods of the 4thGA because of the Challenger disaster (a generatinally shared moment for all nomads in school that day) and Chernobyl. Both events caused modern society to question the power of science and worry about the future. Similar to the Titanic in 1912 which I use to separate the spiritual and cultural warfare periods of the 3rdGA. HTH DMMcG

I use 1986 as the year that separates the spiritual and cultural warfare periods of the 4thGA because of the Challenger disaster (a generatinally shared moment for all nomads in school that day) and Chernobyl. Both events caused modern society to question the power of science and worry about the future. Similar to the Titanic in 1912 which I use to separate the spiritual and cultural warfare periods of the 3rdGA. HTH DMMcG

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Originally Posted by DMMcG

The fundamentalist "Crusading culture" of the culturally fundamentalist Cluniac high ca.1071-1095 first emerged in the fundamentalist counter-culture of the culturally modernist Capetian high ca.963-996. Of course, this counter-culture, like its modernist cultural counterpart, is the end product of the proceses of the spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare periods of culturally modernist Photian Awakening ca.886-996. The fundamentalist counter-culture of the Capetian high is remarkable. It is remarkable on account of the roles played in it by four or perhaps five important women. Indeed one of them may have been the most important of all. The first of these women was nomad archetype Adlaide, Queen of Italy and older wife of her younger husband, the hero archetype Emperor Otto I. She was also the mother of the artist archetype future Emperor Otto II (b.955) and regent for prophet archetype Otto III (b.980)) from 983 until her death in 991. The second and/or third of these woman could turn out to be the most important of all. And this woman or these women was or were a Byzantine princess named Theophano. The first time we hear of a Byzantine princes with that name she was the wife of the artist archetype Byzantine Emperor Romanus II until his death in 963 when she would have been in her late teens. She was the mother of at least three children fathered by Romanus. The eldest of them was the future Byzantine Emperor Basil II (b.957). The second, also destined to become Emperor, was the prophet archetype named Constantine (b.961). And the third child was probably also a prophet archetype named Anna who was destined to become the wife of the artist archetype Vladimir, Grand Prince of Kiev, in 988. In 963 she married the artist archetype general Nicephorus Phocas who then became Emperor. Theophano plotted his murder in 969 and had him replaced as Emperor by her hero archetype lover, John Tzimisces. It is said that almost immediately the new Emperor had her "banished to a convent" never to be heard from again. Curiously, the third and/or second woman on our list is also an artist archetype Byzantine princes named Theophano. This Theophano was the wife of the Holy Roman Emperor and artist archetype Otto II and She was also mother and regent, along with Adelaide, for her son the prophet archetype Otto III (b.980), until her death in 991. The obvious question one would ask is are these two differnt women or are they the same woman, who may turn out to be the most important of all? That is to say, was the artist archetype Byzantine princes who married Otto II around 978 the same woman who had been "banished to a convent" by her lover in 969. It is completly possible. We know that the Theophano who was the wife of Romanus II was born around 943 and that she gave birth to her son Basil in 957, when she was around fourteen years of age. She gave birth to her second son Constantine around 962 when she would have been around nineteen years of age. She undoubtedly gave birth to Anna between the two boys. She was "banished" by her lover in 969 when she would have been twenty-five years of age. Theophano next appears as the bride of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II sometime arond 980 when her prophet archetype son Otto would have been born. She would have been around thirty-seven and twelve years older than her artist archetype husband Otto II who prdeceased her in 983. She then would have served as regent along with her mother-in-law Adelaide, the nomad archetype Queen of Italy, who, we remember, was also older than her hero archetype husband Otto I, for her prophet archetype son Otto III until her death in 991 at the age of forty-eight years. It is not impossible, then, to think that indeed there was but one Theophano who would have been the mother of both artist archetype Basil II of Byzantium and the prophet archetype Holy Roman Emperor Otto III when they ascended their respective thrones, for Basil from 976 to 1025 and for Otto from 994 to 1002. So, it is possible that, for a brief eight years, two brothers, perhaps unknowingly, may have once again ruled both the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, a fete not seen since the time of Arcadius and Honorius during the cultural warfare phase of the culturally modernist Augustinian Awakening or the unraveling turning named after their sister Galla Placidia, another remarkable woman, from 421 to 450. The third or fourth woman of significance during the fundamentalist counter-culture of the modernist Capetian high ca.963-996 was Theophanos prophet archetype daughter Anna, the sister of the artist archetype bachelor Emperor Basil II. Early in 988 envoys sent by Basil II to the Grand Prince Vladimir of Kiev offered his sister Anna's hand in marriage if he would convert to Christianity. Vladimir was immediately baptized and married to Anna. He then took his new bride and several Greek and Bulgar priests, some relics, and some icons back to Kiev. On his return to Kiev, he ordered the immediate destruction of all Russian pagan objects of worship and had the entire poulation baptized in the Dnieper River. Earlier on, Vladimir had been inluenced in his conversion to Christianity by the fourth or fifth woman on our list, his nomad archetype grandmother Olga. Olga had been the wife of the prophet archetype Igor I, the Grand Prince of Kiev. In that capacity she birthed hero archetype Svatoslav, for whom she served as regent from 945 to 969. Olga was the first of the Kievans in Russia to embrace Orthodox Christianit. She was probably baptized in 957 at Constantinople. Her efforts to bring Christianity to Russia was resisted by Svatoslav but was, as we have seen, more successful with her grandson Vladimir. It is said that the Emperor Otto II had great plans to recreate the glory and power of the ancient Roman Empire as a universal Christian state governed from Rome. Otto II believed in the practice known as Caesaropapism, that kind of King-Priest theocratic system in practice in the Eastern Roman Empire since nomad archetype Constantine the Great. Since before the time of Constantine, the West was ruled by the Roman Pontif, the Priest-King of Rome. Otto sought to change the theocratic system and make the Pope subordinate to the Emperor in religious as well as secular affairs the way it was in Byzantium. But one is left to wonder, were these Otto's dreams or were they the dreams of his remarkable wife Theophano. who in her person may have linked the thrones of the Holy Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire and that of the Grand Prince of Kiev. Unlike later periods, the fundamentalist counter-culture of the Capetian high ca.963-996 has a very integrated feel to it, and this dynastic integration continued on into the cultural warfare period of the Russian Awakening ca.1024-1049. In 1049, the nomad archetype Henry I Capet, grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty of France during the Capetian high, was married to the nomad archetype Amme of Kiev. Anne was the daughter of the prophet archetype Grand Prince Yaroslav, the Wise. Yaroslav was the son of Vladimir of Kiev and Anna, the daughter of Theophano. Indeed, it is in the activities of the new dynastic elements in France and Russia that one finds the modernist culture of the culturally modernist Capetian high ca.963-996. As we have seen, in Russia it was the advent of Russian Orthodoxy and preparation for that distant day when the Czars of Moscow could declare their city "third Rome." Of course we have also seen how the modernist culture of this high witnessed the onset of the Capetian dynasty in France in the person of Robert I. Robert's claim to fame came out of his defeat of the Northmen (i.e. Vikings) at Chartres in 911. This was one year after he had helped to found the culturally modernist and reformist abbey at Cluny, an act that will bear its fruit in the modernist counter-culture of the culturally fundamentalist Cluniac high ca.1071-1095 when the Cluniac Pope Gregory VII will counter-cultrally take up its cause. Of course during the Capetian high it was clear that the papacy was in need of reform. The Popes, like the Ottonian Emperors, were part of the fundamentalist counter-culture of the period. At this time the papacy was under control of the political forces of the day. The most notorious act was the infamous "cadaver Synod" when the exhumed dead body of Pope Formosus was paced on trial. The poltics in Rome was dominated by a noble family associated with an individual named Theophylact and his powerful wife Theodora and her even more powerful daughter Marocia. Marocia had been the mistress of Pope Sergius III and mother of Pope John XI. It was almost with saving grace that in 996 prophet archetype Otto III secured the election as Pope of his twenty-three year old cousin and prophet archetype Bruno, who took the name Gregory V. Gregory thus became the first German Pope and then, on May 21, 996, he anointed and crowned Otto III Emperor. Gregory's pontificate would prove to be a short one, and, as a harbinger of the future, Gerbert of Aurillac the friend and teacher of Robert II Capet, was elected Pope in 999 under the name of Sylvester I. Robert is given the sobriqrt Pius for his support of the culturally modernist abbey of Cluny. The old order was about to change.

Just curious, sir, and trying very hard to be respectful, what is the point of all of this?

In my analysis of both Awakening and saecular constructs in the history of Western Civilization I have found, what I believe to be, an alernating cultural pattern in steady states or highs. This alternating pattern, I believe, is a "dialectical" historical process that repeats itself and produces an occilating cultural structure that can be described as being either Fundamentalist or Modernist..........Earlier, I showed how 3rdGA Modernist culture (i.e. "liberalism" or "progressivism") came to dominate the New Frontier High ca. 1946-1968. I argued that this culture was the end product of a periodic process of spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare that began in 1893. I also said that, during the New Frontier high, the 3rdGA modernist culture produced an antithetical fundamentalist 4thGA counter-culture ("conservatism"). Since 1968, in the history of the West, I believe there has been an ongoing struggle between the declining modernist progressivism of the 3rdGA and a rising 4thGA fundamentalism...........The ongoing struggle between 3rdGA modernism and 4thGA fundamentalism most obviously began to be battled out during its spiritual warfare phase ca.1968-1986 in a 'Generation Gap," between hero archetype elders and idealistic young adult prophet archetypes. This struggle, for example, was archetypically displayed in the moral fervor of young adults like prophet archetype Hillary Clinton when she staffed for the Senate committee investigating the activities of the hero archetype President Richard Nixon and his connection to the "cover-up" of the break-in at the Democratic headquarters located at the Watergate. Of course, the impeachment proceeding reversed itself during the cultural warfare phase of the 4thGA ca.1986-2001 when Hillary's prophet archetype husband, President Bill Clinton, was also, like hero archetype Nixon, brought up on articles of impeachment.................. In these cases we can see the decline in 3rdGA progresive modernism represented by Nixon, the President that Robert Beschloss rightly describes as the last modernist to hold that office in the twentieth century. Ironically, at the same time, it was Nixon's political "southern strategy" that created that 4thGA fundamentalist archetype that I call the "country and westernization" of the Republican party, with the union of the great American myths of the "cowboy" and the "rebel," that, in a political sense, helped catch the rising tide of 4thGA fundamentalism. Ironically as well, it was this same rising fundamentalism that accounted not only for Hillary's actions, but for the actions of many, if not most, young adults during the spiritual warfare phase of the 4thGA. And, even though Hillary and Bill Clinton are often described as being "liberals", in my opinion, they are "poster children" for 4thGA cultural fundamentalism...........Bill Clinton, like his southern Democratic predecessor Jimmy Carter, is an enthusiastic Christian, and, of course, Clinton and Carter, as southern regional favorite sons, broke into Nixon's "southern strategy." Of course, the state that archetypifies the union of the country-rebel and western-cowboy is Texas--George Bush country(whose lineage also links the phenomena to the third American myth of the tycoon). In addition, one writer described the Clinton's as the "New Age" first couple archetypified by Hillary's freindship with the New Age "guru" Jean Huston. This is because New Ageism along with occidentalist's devotion to Eastern religions, Ecstatic and Enthusiastic Christianity, Zionism. Academic idealism and other "isms" all form part of the "complex" that is 4thGA fundamentalism. The anthropologist Marvin Harris pointed out in his 1981 book "America Now" that, "...we would have to concot an unusable word such as "psycho-mystico-parascientific-spiritual-therapeutic" to do justice to the broad scope of all the new sects, movements, therapies, cults, and churches that began to appear toward the end of the 1960s."...............Unlike the Nixon impeachment, when the fundamentalists overthrew the modernist, during the 4thGA impeachment of Bill Clinton, the fundamentalist "New Age" President was defeated by a fundamentalist coalition of both Enthusiastic and Ecstatic Christians. Indeed, we have also witnessed the same fundamentalist phenomenon with the rise of political conservatism in America to the point, when, in november 2002, all three branches of the federal government became dominated by political conservatism. Now, during the actual warfare phase of the 4thGA, 3rdGA progressive liberal modernism is as dead as its last best champion Paul Wellstone, the radically liberal Senator from Minnesota, who died in a plane crash just days before the election of 2002............Of course at the onset of the actual warfare phase of the 4thGA in 2001, America has been introduced to a virulent form of fundamentalsm in a militant Islam. Whatever fundamentalist tradition that ends up victorious at the finish of this current crisis of the actual warfare phase of the 4thGA, they will come to dominate the fundamentalist culture of the next steady state high that should begin around 2019. In this next culturally fundamentalist steady state, I believe that a modernist 5thGA counter-culture will emerge to challenge and ultimately defeat the fundamentalism of the 4thGA and become dominant in a future high.............In the discussion about the emergence of liberal Catholicism in the United Satates, I showed how 3rdGA modernism first manifested itself counter-culturally during the culturally fundamentalist steady state of the Hohenzollern High ca. 1871-1893. The fundamentalist culture of the Hohenzollern steady state was that of the 2ndGA. Between 1819-1871 this fundamentalist culture passed through a series of spiritual, cultural, and actual wars to become the dominant culture of the high. The 2ndGA culture can be described as neo-Gothic, romantic, transcendental, racist, imperialist, and ecstatic and enthusiastic Christian. This culture first manifested itself counter-culturally to the enlightened modernism of the neo-classical Bonaparte steady state high ca. 1801-1819. The modernist 1stGA culture of the Bonaparte high had itself emerged victorious over the fundamentalist Absolutism of the Hanoverian High ca. 1702-1727 through the series of its own spiritual, cultural, and actual wars of the 1stGA ca. 1727-1801............Like the evolution of 3rdGA cultural modernism, 1stGA modernism fought and ultimately lost its struugle with 2ndGA cultural fundamentalism during the spiritual, cultural and actual warfare phases of the 2ndGA ca. 1819-1871. And, like the fundamentalist culture of the 4thGA, the fundamentalist culture of the 2ndGA emerged victorious and became the dominant culture of the Hohenzollern steady state ca.1871-1893 and at that point its dominance was already being challenged by the counter-cultural modernism of the 3rdGA............As I said, the modernist culture of the 1stGA ca. 1727-1819 first showed itself in the "Enlightenment" counter-culture of the culturally fundamentalist Hanoverian steady state high ca. 1702-1727. The cultural fundamentalism of the Hanoverian high manifested itself archetypically in the conservative political theory of divine right absolutism that had been adopted by all of the crowned heads of Europe including the George's of England...............The fundamentalist political theory of divine right monarchy had itself first emerged counter-culturally during the culturally modernist Bourbon steady state high ca. 1598-1625. At that time, the counter-culture of fundamentalist absolutism would be archetypified by the person and kingship of hero archetype James I Stewart of England. In its simplest form, divine right kingship is an interpretation of the Calvinist doctrine of predestination applied to the monarchy..............Culturally speaking, unlike absolutism, the modernism of the Bourbon steady state high ca. 1598-1625 can be charcterized as being relgiously tolerant. It emerged out of the spiritual,cultural and actual warfare phases of the culturally modernist Lutheran Awakening ca.1517-1598. The high began, after all, with the Edict of Nantes promulgated by the hero archetype French king Henry IV in 1598. This high was a time of the political politiques like nomad archetype Elizabeth I of England. Its economics was mercantilist and its interest was in colonization, trade and exploration and in this sense, the Bourbon modernist culture was itself related to the enlightened counter-culture of the Hanoverian steady state ca. 1702-1727.............As with the other awakenings, divine right absolutism fought its spiritual, cultural, and actual wars during the culturally fundamentalist Presbyterian awakening ca. 1625-1702 and emerged finally as the dominant culture of the fundamentalist and absolutist Hanoverian steady state high ca. 1702-1727..............Likewise, the tolerant modernist culture of the Bourbon steady state high ca. 1598-1625 first emerged counter-culturally during the culturally fundamentalist Habsburg steady state high ca. 1492-1517. Like its counter-cultural fundamentalist counterpart, it passed through periods of spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare during the Lutheran Awakening ca. 1517-1598...........The tolerant modernist counter-culure of the Habsburg High ca.1492-1517 can be archetypified in the religious reforms espoused by the artst archetype Martin Luther, the explorations of hero archetype Cristoforo Colon, the art of artist archetype Michelangelo Buonarroti, and the science of Nicholas Copernicus and is, in that sense, related to the modernist culture of the Bourbon steady state ca. 1598-1625................By contrast, the fundamentalist culture of the Habsburg steady state ca.1492-1517, was stimulated by the rise of a "national consciousness" throughout Europe. Indeed, the cultural process of nation building can be archetypified during the period by such things as the marriage alliances created by hero archetype Maximillian von Habsburg, the nation building activities of hero archetypes Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and their prophet archetype grandson Charles V, both king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, prophet archetype Francis I Valois of France, prophet archetype Henry VIII of England, the Renaissance Popes, artist archetype Vasilii III of Russia and hero archetype Machiavelli...........To recaptulate all of this, the 3rdGA modernist culture of the New Frontier steady state high 1946-1968 is connected with the modernist counter-culture of the 2ndGA culturally fundamentalist Hohenzollern high 1871-1893. And the 3rdGA modernist counter-culture of the Hohenzollern steady state is connected with the neo-Classical modernist culture of the Bonaparte steady state high 1801-1819. And the 1stGA culture of the modernist Bonaparte steady state is connected with the 1stGA modernist and enlightened counter-culture of the culturally fundamentalist Hanoverian steady state ca. 1702-1727. And the 1stGA modernist and enlightened counter-culture of the Hanoverian high ca.1702-1727 is connected with the modernist culture of the Bourbon steady state ca. 1598-1625. And the modernist culture of the Bourbon high is connected with the modernist counter-culture of the Habsburg high ca. 1492-1517.............By contrast, the cultural fundamentalism of the Habsburg steady state ca.1492-1517 is connected with the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the Bourbon high ca. 1598-1625. And the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the Bourbon high ca.1598-1625 is connected to the cultural fundamentalism of the Hanoverian steady state ca.1702-1727. And, the cultural fundamentalism of the Hanoverian high ca.1702-1727 is connected to the 2ndGA fundamentalist counter-culture of the 1stGA culturally modernist Bonaparte high ca.1801-1819. And the 2ndGA counter-cultural fundamentalism of the 1stGA modernist Bonaparte high is connected with the 2ndGA fundamentalist culture of the Hohenzollern high ca.1871-1893. And the 2ndGA fundamentalist culture of the Hohenzollern high is connected with the 4thGA fundamentalist counter-culture of the 3rdGA modernist culture of the New Frontier high ca.1946-1968. And the 4thGA counter-culture of the New Frontier high ca.1946-1968 will be connected with the 4thGA culture of the Next high ca.2019-20??..........The fundamentalist culture of the Habsburg high ca.1492-1517 was dominated by a concept of a "natonal consciousness" that was itself the end product of the spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare periods of the fundamentalist Hussite Awakening ca.1415-1492. Now, the "national consciousness" fundamentalism of the Habsburg high ca.1492-1517 first emerged counter-culturally during the culturally modernist Florentine steady state ca.1378-1415. Unlike the "national consciousness" fundamentalism of the Habsburg high ca.1492-1517, the modernist Florentine high ca.1378-1415 culture was one of decentralization of power and "illegitimate" governmental institutions. There was the "Great Schism" in the papal theocracy. In France it was the struggles between Armagnacs and Burgundians. It was a time of warfare, blood feuds, mafias, "Princes." tyrants, capitalism, oligarchy, aristocracy, and republicanism in northern Italy. The "nemisis of Lancaster" darkened the English throne, and one of them, prophet archetype Henry V, fought the last battles of the medieval "hundred years war," and used gunpowder and canon to good estate.............In England, during the modernist Florentine high ca.1378-1415, parliamentary power expanded, but it was too early for a constitutional monarchy. Also, the modernist Florentine high was a time of concilliarism in the Catholic Church but, at the same time, Spiritual Fransiscans were brandishing "Okham's razor" while singing the praises of prophet archetypes Otto IV and Marsiglio of Padua. In addition, the modernist culture of the Florentine high has been described as being one of "revolutionary class struggle," as capitalists and aristocrats dramatically began to separate themselves from the impoverished rural peasants and urban poor. The high was also the time of the first of the Peasant revolts in England and, at the same time, "free companies" were ravaging the French countryside............The Florentine high closed with the convening an Ecumenical Council at Constance in 1415 that was summond by both the Pope in Rome and the Emperor. The Council of Constance seemed to be a great victory for the modernists of the Florentine high, but it was in fact a counter-cultural reaction that was setting in with the ending of the "Great Schism" in the papal theocracy with the election of Pope Martin V and the burning of the first great "heretic" Jan Hus...........What was really counter-cultural about the Council of Constance of 1415 was its use, probably for the first time, of the concept in its organization of "nations." For the first time in Western history, an Indo-European style assembly organized itself for voting purposes by using the concept of "nations." This organizational tool had been in use counter-culturally throughout the University system during the Florentine high. In the University system the rubric of "nations" was primarily a linguistic distinction. At the Council of Constance in 1415 it had taken on a somewhat larger meaning. It is this larger meaning that contributed to the fundamentalist ideology of "national consciousness" that evolved during the spiritual, cultural, and actual wars of the Hussite Awakening ca.1415-1492 and especially in the fundamentalist culture of the Habsburg steady state ca.1492-1517..............In addition to the concept of "nation," a second important counter-cultural element in the culturally modernist Florentine high ca.1378-1415 was that of a technology that was counter-culturally "improved" during the period. It was during the preceding culturally fundamentalist Venitian high ca.1282-1305 that certain "merchants of Venice" imported the formula for the making gunpowder from the Chinese civilization of East Asia. Whereas the Chinese used the powder for entertainment in "fireworks" and display, the Western Europeans used it first in canons counter-culturally during the culturally modernist Florentine high ca.1378-1415.............Gunpowder technology changed everything. Its appearance on the European scene "officially" put an end to feudalism in the same way that the "money economy" of capitalism would replace the "land economy" of manorialism and as the secular "nations" would replace Christendom and the papal theocracy. After the introduction of gunpowder into warfare, no longer could armour or castle walls protect you and this was an extremely ominous development for the walled Byzantine city of Constantinople. The walls of Constantinople would be breached in 1453 and the ancient power of East Rome became diffused to the Turks and Russians..............The canon was first successfully used early on during the Florentine high. It was employed by the counter-cultural fundamentalist "Merchants of Venice" in their war against the "merchants of Genoa" at the battle of Chioggia in 1380. The Venitians were victorious and Western Civilization was launched into the "gunpowder age." And, as I said before, the canon was also used to great effect by the prophet archetype English king Henry V Lancaster in the final battles of the medieval "hundred years war.". Thus the fundamentalist counter-cultural "gunpowder" technology of the Florentine steady state merged with both the fundamentalist ideology of a "national consciousness" and the fundamentalist economics of the "merchants of Venice" during the culturally fundamentalist Habsburg high ca.1492-1517.............As I have said, the cultural modernism of the Florentine steady state ca. 1378-1415 began counter-culturally during the culturally fundamentalist Venitian high ca.1282-1305. And, as with other periods, the cultural modernism of the Florentine high ca.1378-1415 passed through a series of spiritual,cultural, and actual wars during the culturally modernist Avignon Awakening ca.1305-1378. Indeed, it was the Avignon Awakening that provided the link between the modernist Florentine and fundamentalist Venitian highs............The period of the culturally fundamentalist Venitian high ca.1282-1305, marked a steep decline in the temporal power of the counter-cultural modernism of the papal theocrat relative to the rising power of the fundamentalist "national" monarchies. Ironically, it was the papal document promulgated by hero archetype Boniface VIII called "Unam Sanctam" that divided Spiritual and Temporal power. The former was relagated to the Pope while the latter became the provinence of secular state..........."Unam Sanctam" was the product of a modernist counter-culture in the culturally fundamentalist Venitian steady state ca.1282-1305 and is a wonderful description of what used to be and no longer was. In a growing pragmatic culture, temporal power was practically superior to the spiritual power even though Boniface argued otherwise.

The fundamentalist culture of the Venitian high ca.1282-1305 was dominated by the new class of merchant capitalists archetypified by the hero archetype Marco Polo. As far as the papacy was concerned, the hero archetype English king Edward I and the artist archetype French king Philip IV used their assemblies to increase their temporal powers at the expense of the Church. In England it was Edward's "model parliament" and in France it was Philip's assemblage of the first ever Estates General. Both Edward and Philip were pressing the papacy in the same way that the Emperor Henry IV had pressed Gregory VII during the culturally fundamentalist Cluniac high ca.1071-1095 but with more success............. Along with Boniface VIII, other members of the modernist counter-culture during this high included the artist archetype William Wallace of Scotland who fought England with the French and the weavers of Flanders who fought the French with the English. The Colona family of Rome were representative of the fundamentalist merchant culture against the counter-cultural modernism of the Pope. Indeed, the passing of Pope Boniface VIII marked the beginning of the modernist culture of the Avignon Awakening, that began in 1305 and continued until the end of the culturally modernist Florentine steady state in 1415.......... The damage done to the status of the papal theocract during the fundamentalist Venitian high ca.1282-1305 was in stark contrast to its cultural dominance during the preceding culturally modernist Saladdian steady state 1176-1204. That is to say, the period that began with the battles of Legnano and Myriocephalon in 1176 and ended with the 4th crusade in 1204.............The battle of Legnano was lost by the Emperor and hero archetype Frederick Barbarossa to a coalition of the northern Italian communes, while the battle of Myriocephalon was lost by the Byzantines to Islam. The religious goal of the 4th crusade was supposed to be Egypt, but its locus became changed to the "heretic" city of Constantinople at the behest of the counter-cultural merchants of Venice. Therfore, the cultural modernism of the Saladdian steady state ca.1176-1204 symbolically marked both the apex and nadir of the Christian jihad...........The Saladdian high was, of course, at the very end of the spiritual,cultural and actual wars of the culturally modernist Crusader Awakening ca.1095-1204. The 3rd Crusade, that began in 1191, was led by artist archetype Richard I of England, artist archetype Philip II of France, and the hero archetype Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and represented the symbolic high point of the counter-cultural romantic Crusading ideal, which was, after all, an attempt by the culturally modernist papal theocrats to stem the rising tide of the "national" monarchies in Europe.............The culturally modernist Popes knew that the emerging fundamentalism of the secular states would destroy the unity of medieval Christendom and place both the theocracy and the Church itself in jeapordy. Of course, the results of the 4th Crusade counter-culturally linked the fundamentalist interests of both the military man and the capitalist merchants in a kind-of 13th century military-industrial-complex (of course, like the modernist Popes, the 3rdGA modernist nomad archetype President Eisenhower was directly addressing this problem of the rising tide of a counter-cultural 4thGA fundamntalist military-industrialism during the culturally modernist New Frontier high ca.1946-1968)............. As I have shown, Venice and its new fundamentalist counter-cultural merchant class in this culturally modernist Saladdian steady state ca.1176-1204 are directly ancestral to the dominant fundamentalist culture of the Venitian high ca.1282-1305 and its "merchants of Venice" and its hero archetype Marco Polo, whose cultural and commercial contribution of gunpowder technology would change everything in the cultural modernism of the Florentine steady state ca.1378-1415............One of the dominant figures of the culturally modernist Saladdin steady-state ca.1176-1204 was the artist archetype Pope Innocent III. His pontificate is generally viewed by historians as marking a high point in the medieval papal theocracy. I see Innocent's papacy, however, as being the centerpeice of a process I call Orientalization III ca.1122-1328. I see Orientalization III as a transitional period, from a Europe that was known as Christendom and culturally dominated by a papal theocracy spiritually "Lording-it-over" the Emperor and a Holy Roman Empire in the West, to a Europe that was fragmented into "nations" ruled by secular monarchs.............Innocent's pontificate was not the high point of the medieval papacy, it was, as I have already said, rather the centerpiece of the transitional process I call Orientalization III ca.1122-1328. It is this process that explains the nature of the paradigmatic shifting from the Medieval to the Euro-American paradigm in the history of Western Civilization...............Innocent's cultural modernism continued into the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally fundamentalist Albigensian Awakening ca.1204-1231. But even by that time the Pope's cultural modernism was being challanged by the rising tide of the commercial and military fundamentalist culture that was evolving through the spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare periods of the Albigensian Awakening ca.1204-1305. Of course we have already seen how this fundamentalist culture climaxed during the Venitian steady state ca.1282-1305 with the collapse of the papal theocracy in the counter-cultural modernism archetypified in the papacy of hero archetype Boniface VIII.............The modernist culture of the Saladdian steady state ca.1176-1204, archetypified by artist archetype Innocent III, began counter-culturally during the culturally fundamentalist Cluniac high ca.1071-1095. This modernist counter-culture of this steady state can be archetypified in the pontificates of the hero archetypes Gregory VII and Urban II. By contrast the fundamentalist culture during the same steady state can be archetypified by the prophet archetype and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV............The cause of this war between the culturally fundamentalist Emperor and the counter-culturally modernist Pope, will forever be remembered as the famous "Investiture Controversy." The investiture issue was also a problem that developed in newly conquered England between the culturally fundamentalist hero archetype King William I and the counter-cultural modernist Anselm, Archbishop of Canturbury, and was resolved to the favor of the Church. Of course, later, during the actual warfare phase ca.1147-1176 of the Crusader Awakening ca. 1095-1204 the dispute will rupture in the murder of hero archetype Thomas Beckett, Archbishop of Canturbury by order of the hero archetype English king Henry II............Likewise. the counter-cultural modernist Gregory VII prevailed in his struggle with the culturally fundamentalist Henry IV. The results of this victory ensured the Germans would not have a nation until 1871, with all that that implies for the first half of the twentieth century. And, that a successful Reformation would be German led............But some of the wounds of this struggle had healed by the time of Innocent III, but they appeared anew during the pontificate of Boniface VIII. Thus, the Pontificate of hero archetype Gregory VII represented a form of counter-cultural modernism during the culturally fundamentalist Cluniac high ca.1071-1095. while the pontificate of artist archetype Innocent III is a representative of modernist behavior during the culturally modernist Saladdian steady state ca.1176-1204, and the pontificate of Boniface VIII represents a counter-cultural form of modrenism during the culturally fundamentalist Venitian high ca.1282-1305.............Of course the fundamentalist Cluniac high came at the end of the series spiritual,cultural,and actual wars of the fundamentalist Russian Awakening ca.996-1095. So too did the modernism of the Saladdian high emerge out of the wars of the Crusader Awakening ca.1095-1204. And the fundamentalist culture of the Venitian high emerged out of the wars of the Albigensian Awakening ca.1204-1305.......... From the end of the Russian Awakening to the end of the Albigensian Awakening pretty much descrbes the decline of the modernist papal theocracy, through the processes occuring throughout Orientalization III ca.1122-1328, and the corresponding rise of the fundamentalist "National" monarchies governed by secular rulers who combined the principles of dynasty with militerism (eg. gunpowder) and both of thes combined with the Cabal of merchants and bankers. These new secular states were built on the ruins of both a Papal theocracy and a Holy Roman Empire............As we have already seen, the fundamentalist culture of the Cluniac high ca.1071-1095 began with the defeat of the Byzantines by Muslims at a place called Manzikert in Anatolia and ends with the preaching of the 1st Crusade by the former Cluniac monk hero archetype Urban II. This high was the end product of the spiritual, cultral, and actual wars of the culturally fundamentalist Russian Awakening ca.996-1095..........During the Cluniac high the fundamentalist culture was a "Crusading culture" while its modernist counter-culture was created as a consequence of the Cluniac reform movement. These counter-culture modernist reformers were opposed to the practice in much of culturally fundamentalist Europe, where the Emperors and kings were accustomed to choosing theirown bishops who were more often than not the great landowners and key men in governmnt and administration. It was the hero archetype Pope Gregory VII who most vigorously put into practice the reforming ideals of Cluny that opposed what they called "lay investiture."................Gregory's position brought him into conflict with the culturally fundamentalist prophet archetype Emperor Henry IV. In this conflict with the Pope, Henry used an assembly of German notables to expand and legitimatize his power in much the same way that both Edward I of England and Philip IV of France will use their assemblies against the counter-cultural modernism of Pope Boniface VIII during the culturally fundamentalist Venitian high ca.1282-1305. I have already pointed out that the fundamentalist culture of this Cluniac high ca.1071-1095 was one of Crusades. Indeed, two different kinds of crusades were launched during this period...........The first kind of Crusades were the ones that are known best, that is to say, the ones that ended up in either West Asia or North Africa. These Crusades I call external Crusades. I call them external since they represent coalitions of linguistically diverse groups working in concert with one another in a common cause against a common foe outside their social group. The groups tended to think of themselves as coming from the ideal of Christendom and called forth by the papal theocrat to fight a Holy War in a far off Holy Land.............The second kind of crusade I call Internal Crusades since they were wars fought within the borders of Christendom against groups who had a common historical heritage. These kinds of Crusades are less well known and include the internal Crusades led by the Normans--first to conqeur the Anglo-Saxons in England and second to drive the Byzantines and Muslims from southern Italy and Sicily. But the one internal crusade usually remembered is the Spanish one led by the romantic and heroic figure known as El Cid. This internal crusade will come to be known as the "reconquista" that will not end until the beginning of the culturally fundamentalist Habsburg high ca.1492-1517. A third type of internal crusade were those periodic anti-semitic pogroms that have slashed through much of European history.............Two of the last internal crusades happened during the Albigensian Awakening ca.1204-1305 in its culturally fundamentalist Venitian high ca.1282-1305. Both internal crusades involved King Phlip IV of France. The first of these crusades resulted in the ruthless persecution and suppression of the Knights Templar in order for Philip to liquidate his debt to them and acquire their wealth. Once the Templars were gone there was no military power standing between the King and the Pope. The second internal crusade during the period that involved Philip IV was the Albigensian Crusade that had been called to suppress a neo-Manichaean cult located at the town of Albi in Southern France. Their destruction led to even greater power for the French monarch.

The fundamentalist "Crusading culture" of the culturally fundamentalist Cluniac high ca.1071-1095 first emerged in the fundamentalist counter-culture of the preceding culturally modernist Capetian high ca.963-996. Of course, this counter-culture, like its modernist cultural counterpart, is the end product of the proceses of the spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare periods of the preceding culturally modernist Photian Awakening ca.886-996............The fundamentalist counter-culture of the Capetian high is remarkable. It is remarkable on account of the roles played in it by four or perhaps five important women. Indeed one of them may have been the most important of all. The first of these women was nomad archetype Adelaide, Queen of Italy and older wife of her younger husband, the hero archetype Emperor Otto I. She was also the mother of the artist archetype future Emperor Otto II (b.955) and regent for prophet archetype grandson Otto III (b.980)) from 983 until her death in 991............The second and/or third of these woman could turn out to be the most important of all. And this woman or these women was or were a Byzantine princess named Theophano. The first time we hear of a Byzantine princes with that name she was the wife of the artist archetype Byzantine Emperor Romanus II until his death in 963 when she would have been in her late teens. She was the mother of at least three children fathered by Romanus. The eldest of them was the future Byzantine Emperor Basil II (b.957). The second, also destined to become Emperor, was the prophet archetype named Constantine (b.961). And the third child was probably also a prophet archetype named Anna who was destined to become the wife of the artist archetype Vladimir, Grand Prince of Kiev, in 988.............. In 963 Theophano married the artist archetype general Nicephorus Phocas who then became Emperor. Theophano plotted his murder in 969 and had him replaced as Emperor by her hero archetype lover, John Tzimisces. It is said that almost immediately the new Emperor had her "banished to a convent" never to be heard from again...........Curiously, the third and/or second woman on our list is also an artist archetype Byzantine princes named Theophano. This Theophano was the wife of the Holy Roman Emperor and artist archetype Otto II and She was also mother and regent, along with Adelaide, for her son the prophet archetype Otto III (b.980), until her death in 991. The obvious question one would ask is are these two differnt women or are they the same woman, who may turn out to be the most important of all? That is to say, was the artist archetype Byzantine princes who married Otto II around 978 the same woman who had been "banished to a convent" by her lover in 969? It is completly possible..............We know that the Theophano who was the wife of Romanus II was born around 943 and that she gave birth to her son Basil in 957, when she was around fourteen years of age. She gave birth to her second son Constantine around 962 when she would have been around nineteen years of age. She undoubtedly gave birth to Anna between the two boys. She was "banished" by her lover in 969 when she would have been twenty-five years of age............Theophano next appears as the bride of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II sometime around 980 when her prophet archetype son Otto would also have been born. Theophano would have been around thirty-seven and twelve years older than her artist archetype husband Otto II who, nonetheless, predeceased her in 983. She then would have served as regent along with her mother-in-law Adelaide, the nomad archetype Queen of Italy, who, we remember, was also older than her hero archetype husband Otto I, for her prophet archetype son Otto III until her death in 991 at the age of forty-eight years............It is not impossible, then, to think that indeed there was but one Theophano who would have been the mother of both artist archetype Basil II of Byzantium and the prophet archetype Holy Roman Emperor Otto III when they ascended their respective thrones, for Basil from 976 to 1025 and for Otto from 994 to 1002. So, it is possible that, for a brief eight years, two brothers, perhaps unknowingly, may have once again ruled both the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, a fete not seen since the time of Arcadius and Honorius during the cultural warfare phase of the culturally modernist Augustinian Awakening or the unraveling turning named after their sister Galla Placidia, another remarkable woman, from 421 to 450............The third or fourth woman of significance during the fundamentalist counter-culture of the modernist Capetian high ca.963-996 was Theophanos prophet archetype daughter Anna, the sister of the artist archetype bachelor Emperor Basil II (and perhaps the step-sister of the Holy Roman Emperor prophet archetype Otto III). Early in 988 envoys sent by Basil II to the Grand Prince Vladimir of Kiev offered his sister Anna's hand in marriage if he would convert to Christianity. Vladimir was immediately baptized and married to Anna. He then took his new bride and several Greek and Bulgar priests, some relics, and some icons back to Kiev. On his return to Kiev, he ordered the immediate destruction of all Russian pagan objects of worship and had the entire poulation baptized in the Dnieper River.............Earlier on, Vladimir had been inluenced in his conversion to Christianity by the fourth or fifth woman on our list, his nomad archetype grandmother Olga. Olga had been the wife of the prophet archetype Igor I, the Grand Prince of Kiev. In that capacity she birthed hero archetype Svatoslav, for whom she served as regent from 945 to 969. Olga was the first of the Kievans in Russia to embrace Orthodox Christianity. She was probably baptized in 957 at Constantinople. Her efforts to bring Christianity to Russia was resisted by Svatoslav but was, as we have seen, more successful with her grandson Vladimir..............It is said that the Emperor Otto II had great plans to recreate the glory and power of the ancient Roman Empire as a universal Christian state governed from Rome. Otto II believed in the practice known as Caesaropapism, that kind of King-Priest theocratic system in practice in the Eastern Roman Empire since nomad archetype Constantine the Great. Since before the time of Constantine, the West was ruled by the Roman Pontif, the Priest-King of Rome. Otto sought to change the theocratic system and make the Pope subordinate to the Emperor in religious as well as secular affairs the way it was in Byzantium. But one is left to wonder, were these Otto's dreams or were they the dreams of his remarkable wife Theophano. who in her person may have linked the thrones of the Holy Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire and that of the Grand Prince of Kiev...............Unlike later periods, the fundamentalist counter-culture of the Capetian high ca.963-996 has a very integrated feel to it, and this dynastic integration continued on into the cultural warfare period of the Russian Awakening ca.1024-1049. In 1049, the nomad archetype Henry I Capet, grandson of Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty of France during the Capetian high, was married to the nomad archetype Anne of Kiev. Anne was the daughter of the prophet archetype Grand Prince Yaroslav, the Wise. Yaroslav was the son of Vladimir of Kiev and Anna, the daughter of Theophano. Indeed, it is in the activities of the new dynastic elements in France and Russia that one finds the modernist culture of the culturally modernist Capetian high ca.963-996.............As we have seen, in Russia it was the advent of Russian Orthodoxy and preparation for that distant day when the Czars of Moscow could declare their city "third Rome." Of course we have also seen how the modernist culture of this high witnessed the onset of the Capetian dynasty in France in the person of Robert I. Robert's claim to fame came out of his defeat of the Northmen (i.e. Vikings) at Chartres in 911. This was one year after he had helped to found the culturally modernist and reformist abbey at Cluny, an act that will bear its fruit in the modernist counter-culture of the culturally fundamentalist Cluniac high ca.1071-1095 when the Cluniac Pope Gregory VII will counter-cultrally take up its cause..............Of course during the Capetian high it was clear that the papacy was in need of reform. The Popes, like the Ottonian Emperors, were part of the fundamentalist counter-culture of the period. At this time the papacy was under control of the political forces of the day. The most notorious act was the infamous "cadaver Synod" when the exhumed dead body of Pope Formosus was placed on trial. The politics in Rome was dominated by a noble family associated with an individual named Theophylact and his powerful wife Theodora and her even more powerful daughter Marocia. Marocia had been the mistress of Pope Sergius III and mother of Pope John XI. It was almost with saving grace that in 996,the culturally modernist prophet archetype Otto III secured the election as Pope of his twenty-three year old cousin and prophet archetype Bruno, who took the name Gregory V. Gregory thus became the first German Pope and then, on May 21, 996, he anointed and crowned Otto III Emperor. Gregory's pontificate would prove to be a short one, and, as a harbinger of the change in the future. Gerbert of Aurillac the friend and teacher of Robert II Capet, was elected Pope in 999 under the name of Sylvester I, thus becoming the first French pope as Gregory V had been the first German. Robert is given the sobriquet Pius for his support of the culturally modernist abbey of Cluny.............The modernist culture of the Capetian high ca.963-996 is linked-- through the actual, cultural, and spiritual warfare periods of the preceding culturally modernist Photian Awakening ca.886-996--with the counter-cultural modernism of the preceding culturally fundamentalist Neo-Carolingian high ca.855-886. During this culturally fundamentalist high, the dominant culture was represented by that of the Neo-Carolingian dynasts along with the Byzantines at Constantinople, the Popes in Rome. and the Caliphs in Islam Some of the counter-cultural modernists during this high included the imaili in Islam, the Vikings, the Turks, the Russians, and the Anglo-Saxons of England who were on the periphery to the cultural center of this medieval world. All will come to be an important part of the modernist culture of the Capetian high ca.963-996 where, for example, the Vikings will come to be known as Normans and, after accepting Christianity in 911, settled in Normandy.................In Byzantium the modernist counter-culture came to a head in the teachings of the hero archetype Patriarch of Constantinople named Photius. Photius was probably the most learned individual of the period and was appointed to his office by Bardas, then regent to the Emperor Michael III. He replaced in this position the Patriarch Ignatius who had beed deposed and banished by Bardas. The deposition of Ignatius fueled an increasing enmity between the Roman Popes and the Byzantine Patriarchate that was exhaserbated further still by Photius' stand on the cosmological issue identified by the Latin word "filioque."..............Photius' stand on the issue of the "filioque" is a forshadowing of the permanent split between Eastern(Greek) and Western(Latin) Christianity during the crisis of 1054. The theology and cosmology of this "filioque" contoversy is centered on the Christian view of a "Trinitarian" and not Triadic God consisting of a creator Father, redeemor Son, and a conceivor Holy Spirit. The word "filioque" is simply the latin phrase "and the Son." This word was meant to replace the original phrase in the Nicaean Creed which,when translated from the Greek, means "through the Son." The theological and cosmological question being, how does the Holy Spirit proceed from the Father?............ According to Photius, in the original Nicaean document the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father "through the Son." In the Roman version crticized by Photius, the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. Indeed, the problem of the "filioque" had already been the subject of a contentious debate between Greek and Latin prelates at the Synod of Gentilly in 767. We know that at the same time Pope Leo III(795-816) was resisting Charlemagne's efforts to add "filioque" to the Creed. And we also know that the words of the "filioque" had been in use in the Frankish Church for a very long time............By the time of Photius though, the Western Church had firmly committed itself to its addition to the Creed. Photius referred to the proceedings of the Council of Nicaea of 325. This Council condemned the Antiochaean or Syrian cosmological view of the person and nature of [J]e,sus Christ. This view was condemned as the crime against religion called the "Arian Heresy." Once Arianism was condemned it became a crime to believe in its doctrine. The choice was a simple one, deny Arianism (i.e.Syrian spirituality) or leave the Empire. Many chose to leave and many traveled north, across the Rhine and Danube border into Germania. After their arival they began to convert the native Germans to Arian Christianity. When these same Germans were forced by eastern pressures to cross the Rhine themselves they brought with them there Arian beliefs...............A small tribe within the larger mass of Germans were the Franks. Charlemagne emerged from these same Franks and it was Charlemagne who was pressuring and Leo III refusing to accept the "filioque" as part of the Creed. Photius argued that the "filioque" issue was simply a reformulation of the Arian heresy and the Popes, by accepting the reformulation in the Creed, were heretics. Of course, as I have shown elsewhere, the Trinitarian doctrine found in the Nicaean Creed was formulated by several Patriarchs of Alexandria most especially Athenasius and Cyril. The Arian heresy condemned at Nicaea was originally part of the dogma of the Antiochean or Syrian Church and, as such, was one of the earliest Christian cosmologies................It is clear that in its early days, this church attracted to itself many individuals who had been devotees of the cult of Baal-Helios. In short, the Arian cosmological formula can reasonably be described as the Baal-Helios cosmology Christianized. The cult of Baal-Helios did not have a trinity at its center but rather a triad of two generations of gods. The triad consisted of a father(i.e. Zeus-El, a dying and rising vegitation/shepherd god-son(i.e. Baal-Helios-Dionysus), and a virgin/tomboy, daughter/sister (i.e.Anat-Athena)............The Alexandrian Trinitarian formula owes its origins to the cosmology of the cult of Isis that, like the Baal-Helios cosmology, was Christianized. In reality the theological differences between Eastern and Western Christianity are actually the results of the problems one encounters when trying to reconcile the cosmologies of the cult of Isis and the cult of Baal-Helos...........In the first two Ecumenical Councils of the Church, the cosmological views of the Patriarchs of Alexandria won out and these were, of course, at Nicaea in 325 when Athenasius won the day and at Ephesus in 431 when Cyril was the victor. But a final contest came about at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 when the cosmology of the Egyptians was declared to be heretical by Pope Leo I under the label of Monophysitism. It was shortly after this when at least six-hundred "Monophysite" Egyptian monks packed up their bags and books and sailed off to Ireland.............In Ireland, these intrepid Egyptian sailors established a monastic and communitarian Egypto-Irish Church as opposed to Patrick's heirarchical Romano-Irish model. Indeed, it was the "Eastern nature" of Irish beliefs and practices that bothered the Popes. Rome was opposed to Ireland's "Eastern Ways" such as celebrating Easter according to the Greek calendar. The Irish were even accused of believing in the heresy of Monothelitism, which was the religious crime committed while attempting to reconile Monophysitism and Orthodoxy. All of this had been worked out at a Synod held at Whitby in northeastern England. At the Synod,held in 664, the Egypto-Irish communitarian Church submitted to Roman hierarchy and authoritarianism.............The struggle between the Eastern form of Christianity and Western forms does give us some insight into the nature of religious thought during the period. In truth, one can say that both the Eastern and Western Churches are heretical. Western Christianity does express much of that which could be called Arian while Eastern Christianity does tend to express a more Monophysite spirituality. Let me explain. In the East, as I have said before, the theocracy was governed by a King-Priest. We called this system Caesaropapism. In the West, the Pope was a Priest-King. This theocratic distintion is not new to history. At the very dawn of civilzation, in the ancient Sumerian theocratic system rulers, like the Popes in Rome and Emperors in Constantinople, could not be gods themselves but were seen rather as being "appointed" by a god or gods. In the medieval theocracy, both the Pope and Byzantine Emperor were, like the ancient Sumerian rulers, seen as being apponted by God through the doctrine of "Apostolc succession.".............The Popes in Rome saw themselves s being descendants of the Apostle Peter who they saw as the first Pope. Meanwhile in the East, the Byzantine Emperors saw themselves as successors of the Emperor Constantine who describd himself as being the "thirteenth Apostle." So, like the Sumerians, both Pope's and Emperors were God's appointees and, also like the Sumerians, they were either Priests who took on Kingly functions, in Sumerian the Ensi or Kings who took on Priestly functions, in Sumerian the Lugal. These first differences in the political economies of Eastern and Western Rome are significant in themselves but there are further implications...........Because the theocratic governance of both areas were different, different types of rituals and structures dveloped in the two areas. In the East, where the Emperor was a King-Priest with at least an equality with the Patriarch, the Greek cross and dome church developed. This structure was built in this way to accomidate the realities of Byzantine Caesaropapism. In the opening rituals of the mass, the Emperor would enter the church from the right, while the Patriarch would enter from the left. The two men would meet directly under the dome and then they would together proceed into the sanctuary. The Western Carolngian and Ottonian Kings salivated over Byzantine Caesaropapism. Charlemage,for example, used the Eastern style of archetecture in the building of his own chapel at Aachen. When one of Charlemagne's advisors noted that the place where Charlemagne chose as his place of worship obstructed the view of the congregation, the Emperor was said to have replied, "the people can look at me, I will look at God.". By contrast to the East, in the Western Church the basillica model was chosen. Basillica's were the old Roman law courts and the Popes and Bishops adorned themselves in judge's attire................The pictoral art appearing in these two types of structures did more than reflect the differences in the political economies in the two areas, it also reflected important theological differences as well. In the East, the most important peices of religious art are the "Pantokrator" and the "Theotokos." The Pantokrater is the image of the head shoulders and wounded hands of the risen Christ in his guise as judge of the living and the dead. This icon of Christ dressed in the robes of an Emperor and holding the Bible appeard in the dome of the church, the symbolic "vault of heaven," under which Emperor and Patriarch would meet before they were to enter the sanctuary together. On the wall above and behind the altar was the second most important artistic symbol of the Eastern church, the Theotokas. The Theotokos icon has Mary robed in the clothes of a Byzantine Queen seated on a Byzantine throne and described as the "Mother of God." On her lap is seated the man-like infant who is "God the Son."...............The two most imporant artistic renditions in the Western church are the crucifix and the Madonna. The crucifix is the image of a crucified dead man who is understood to be the "Son of God." The Madonna is a portrait of a very human Mary holding a very human baby Jesus................The political, artistic, ritualistic, and archetectural differences between East and West betrays an even deeper theological rift between an essentially Western Arian and Eastern Monophysite Church. In the West, the emphasis is on Christ the human. Images of dead men and babies are things of humanity not of divinity. This infant and dead man is called the "Lord" (in Canaanite "Baal") and the Son of God. The emphasis is largely non-cosmological and second generational. This view of Christ as a second generation man-God or God-man or a form created by God and taken by God jr. for his work on earth ala Dionysus in Euripedes' "Bacchae," is very Arian and condusive to a notion of "filioque.". On the other hand, Byzantine art emphasizes a cosmological Christ who is seen as God incarnate and Emperor who is judge (very Osirin i.e. cult of Isis). Mary is seen also in a very godlike and cosmological way as the "Mother of God.".................So,clearly, Rome's emphasis on the humanity of Christ is a cultural holdover from Antiochaean or Syrian spiritualty (we remember that Peter first established a Church at Antioch before he went to Rome). I have also said that in many ways the cosmology of Antioch(i.e. Arian) is a "Christianizing" of the cosmology of the cult of Baal-Helios. Likewise, Constantinople's emphasis on the divinity of Christ is a cultural holdover from Alexandrian or Egyptian spirituality. I have also said that in many ways the cosmology of Alexandria (i.e. monophysite) is a "Christianizing" of the cosmology of the cult of Isis (we remember that the Icon itself is derived from the mummy masks of devotees of the cult of Isis). And, of course, it is the Egyptian model of Christianity that difused itself to Ireland and provided for Rome an early contest with "Oriental" spirituality...........Of course by marking the extrems of belief we can see something of the center. The true cosmology, it seems to me, is not the either/or of human vs. divine Christ but rather both/and. However, before this path can be undrtaken by the West it must better understand its own Oriental and cosmological traditions. For the Greek and Russian, Syriac and Coptic Churches are the "Oriental" Churches to Rome. And within the Irish culture this dichotomy is expressed in its two most important cosmological symbols the "Celtic Cross" and the "Shamrock." The Celtic cross is the quadrated circle which explains the four part cycular process of the evolution of matter. The same is true of the cross and domed churches of Byzantium. The Shamrock expresses the electrical evolution of mind. Together they recapitulate the opening lines of Genesis which, when translated from the poetic, means Earth, water, air, and fire created by the process of thought, word and deed (4+3=7)..............In the culturally fundamentalist Neo-Carolingian high ca.855-886 during the regency of Bardas, Byzantine forces continued to win victories over the Arabs but on one campaign in 860, Michael and Bardas were forced to return to Constantinople which had come under seige by the Russians. The seige was immediatelly lifted, but both Photius and Bardas now realized what a formidable foe the Slavs in general and the Russians in particular would be against Byzantium. It was at this point that Photius commissioned Cyril and Methodius to Christianize the Slavs. This they accomplished by translating the Greek liturgy and Holy Books into the Slavic tongue by developing a modified form of the Greek alphabet (i.e. the Cyrillic script) to Slavic use. This counter-culturally modernist missionary work during this culturally fundamentalist Neo-Carolingian high ca.855-886 will bear fruit during the culturally modernist Capetian high ca.963-996 with the conversion of the Russians in 988. And dispite the growing theological differences between the East and West Romans they did manage to co-operate militarily, and perhaps for the last time, in the defeat of the Arabs at Bari in 871. After stirring up this hornets nest Photius died during the spiritual warfare phase of the Awakening that bears his name in 897...............The cultural fundamentalism of the Neo-Carolingian high ca.855-886 is linked to the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the culturally modernist 'Abbasid high ca.732-767. During the 'Abbasid high the fundamentalist counter-culture is represented by both Byzantium and Western Europe since the cultural center of this modernist high has shifted back to West Asia and to the Islamic dynasty of the 'Abbasids............The 'Abbasids date their beginnings to the death of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham in 743 and with two prophet archetype political organizers, the Semitic speaking Arab Abu Salmah of al Kufah and the Indo-European speaking Persian Abu-Muslim al Khorasani. Together Salmah and Khorasani formed a coalition of disatisfied Arabs religious reformers and Persian Muslims under the black banner of the descendants of artist archetype Muhammads hero archetype paternal uncle 'Abbas (566-653). By 750, ths coalition overthrew the Umayyads everywhere but in Spain and established a new caliphate in favor of the 'Abassids..............One of the earliest and greatest of the new 'Abbasid Caliphs was al-Mansur who moved the capital of the Empire from Damascus to Baghdad. The 'Abbasids constructed an autocratic and theocratic system on the model of their Sassanid Persian predecessors. The Caliphs could not be gods themselves but in good ancient West Asian fashion they became God's appointee by being a member of a "holy family." But in reality their power rested in a firm control of the military, increasingly composed of slave armies known as Mamluks...............This early 'Abbasid culture represents the Islamic Empire at its zenith. Ironically as the culture of Islam changed from a makeup of primarily semitic speaking Arabs to primarily Arabs and Indo-European speaking Persians, the religious strictures against pictoral art began to change. We find this new kind of art rendered primarily in the Persian style. Ironically this new style of religious art appeared among the 'Abbasids just at the time when the Islamic inspired anti-pictoral art religious behavior known as iconoclasm was beginning to emerge in the Byzantine State with the accession to power of the fundamentalist counter-cultural Isaurean dynasty of Byzantine Caesaropapists beginning with the hero archetype Leo III.............In 730 Leo outlawed the use of icons as objects of religious veneration. This policy meant the destruction of the most important spiritual objects in the Eastern Church. The policy was opposed by both Popes Gregory II and III and helped to foster the historic alliance between the papacy and the Carolingian Franks. In 741 Pope Gregory III died and was succeded by a remarkable Greek speaking Pope named Zacharias who holds the disinction of being both the last Greek Pope and the last non-Roman Pope for the next two-hundred fifty-five years when during the cultrally modernist Capetian high ca.963-996 prophet archetype Gregory V, a Saxon (i.e. German) will be elected Pope through the influence of his cousin, the Holy Roman Emperor and prophet archetype Otto III............The pontificate of the counter-cultural fundamentalist Zacharias was devoted to diplomatic relations with the Lombard and Frankish kingdoms to the north and Byzantines to the east. He initiated a policy of concilliation with the Lombards while endeavoring to dissuade its rulers from attacking the Byzantine State of Ravenna in northeast Italy. He was successful in this effort and subsequently made peace with them. During his reign relations with Constantinople were improved. Both the Pope and the Emperor played down their differences on the iconoclastic controversy. Like his two predecessors gregory II and III, Zacharias gave his full support to the missionary efforts of Boniface...........In 741 Zacharias made Boniface legate and charged him with the reformation of the Frankish Church which invoved the acceptance by Boniface of the Frankish (and Arian) version of the Nicaean Creed which added the word "filioque," an issue that will be a root cause of the division of Eastern and Western Christianity during the crisis of 1054. Zacharias also supported the deposition of Childeric III, the last Merovingian King, and ordered Boniface to represent him in anointing Pepin III as "King of the Franks." In this sense Boniface on behalf of the Pope was allegorically taking the place of the prophet Samuel relative to the Kinships of Saul and David. Like the ancient Prophet, the Pope too could withdraw the royal anointing and give it to another as Samuel had first anoited Saul then David. Zacharias' action in the transference of the royal crown from the Merovingians (i.e. the descendants of Clovis) to the house of Pepin (i.e Carolingians) began a new era of Church-State relations by establishing a Carolingian-Papal alliance that would be of the greatest significance in future relations between the Pope and the Byzantine Emperor............Shortly after 752 a new Pope Stephan II was faced with a new threat from the Lombards. After an appeal to the iconoclast Emperor Constantine V went unanswerd, Stephen turned to Pepin III. In July of 754 Stephen II anointed Pepin, his wife and sons and bestowd on Pepin and his sons the title of "Patrician of the Romans." And, by 767 the theological problems between Rome and Constantinople were becoming to great to be ignored. In 767 a Synod of Latin and Greek prelates assembled at Gentilly to discuss the two major issues of the day, Iconoclasm and the "filioque." Nothing was settled and the net result were bad feeelings between Constantinople and Rome.............So, the alternating patterns of cultural modernism vs.cultural fundamentalism that we recapitulated above, through the Next high ca. 2019-20?? from the Habsburg high ca. 1492-1517, continued through the Florentine high ca.1378-1415 from the 'Abassid steady state ca.732-767. That is to say, the modernist culture of the Florentine high ca.1378-1415 can be linked to the counter-cultural modernism of the fundamentalist Venitian high ca.1282-1305. And, the counter-cultural modernism of the fundamentalist Venitian high is linked to the cultural modernism of the Saladdian high ca.1176-1204. And, the cultural modernism of the Saladdian steady state is linked to the counter-cultural modernism of the fundamentalist Cluniac high ca.1071-1095. And, the counter-cultural modernism of the fundamentalist Cluniac steady state is linked to the cultural modernism of the Capetian high ca.963-990. And, the cultural modernism of the Capetian steady state is linked to the counter-cultural modernism of the fundamentalist Neo-Carolingian steady state ca.855-886. And, the counter-cultural modernism of the fundamentalist Neo-Carolingian high is linked to the cultural modernism of the 'Abassid steady state ca.732-767. Likewise, the fundamentalist counter-culture of the modernist Islamic Awakening ca.632-767 is linked to the fundamentalist culture of the Iconoclastic Awakening ca.767-886. And, the fundamentalist culture of the Iconoclastic Awakening can be linked to the fundamentalist counter-culture of the modernist Photian Awakening ca.886-996. And, the fundamentalist counter-culture of the modernist Photian Awakening is linked to the fundamentalist culture of the Russian Awakening ca.996-1095. And, the fundamentalist culture of the Russian Awakening is linked to the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the modernist Crusader Awakening ca.1095-1204. And, the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the modernist Crusader Awakening is linked to the cultural fundamentalism of the Albigensian Awakening ca.1204-1305. And, the cultural fundamentalism of the Albigensian Awakening is linked to the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the modernist Avignon Awakening ca.1305-1415. And, the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the modernist Avignon Awakening is linked to the fundamentalist culture of the Hussite Awakening ca.1415-1517. And, as I showed in the first recapitulation, the fundamentalist culture of the Hussite Awakening is linked to the fundamentalist counter-culture of the modernist Lutheran Awakening ca.1517-1625.

Originally Posted by Croaker'39

Just curious, sir, and trying very hard to be respectful, what is the point of all of this?

Croaker, I believe these are notes for a class that Dr. McGuiness is teaching. It is obtuse to us because we aren't taking his class. Of course, paragraph breaks would also help. :wink:

As I have already said, the cultural modernism of the 'Abassid high ca.732-767 is the end result of the threefold process of spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare of the culturally modernist Islamic Awakening ca.632-767. Of course, the fundamentalist counter-culture of the 'Abassid high is linked to the preceding fundamentalist culture of the Heraclean high ca.603-632 by the threefold journey of spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare during the Islamic Awakening ca.632-767............In the western Mediterraenean, the fundamentalist culture of the Heraclean high is represented by the Pontificate of nomad archetype Gregory I, surnamed the Great, whose major concern was in the conversion of the "barbarians" in northern Europe and the British Isles. It was for this reason that he dispatched, in 596, his artist archetype personal secretery and librarian, Augustine, to England to help Bertha, the prophet archetype daughter of a hero archetype Merovingian queen named Brunhild, convert her husband, artist archetype Ethelbert of Kent and Bertha's sons Oswald and Oswy to the Roman form of Catholicism.............Augustine's mission was considered urgent by Pope Gregory not so much because England was pagan but rather because it was on the verge of being converted to the counter-cultural Egypto-Irish brand of Catholicism that was being spread by Ireland's "white martyr" missionaries throughout Scotland and England from the monestery of Iona, that had been established by the nomad archetype Columcille in 563. One of these counter-cultural modernist missionaries was the hero archetype Columbanus, who, just seven years before the death of Columcille,in 590, crossed over into old Gaul in order to found several monestaries. While he was in old Gaul, Columbanus attacked the "worldly laxity" of the culturally fundamentalist Roman Church and the elitist aristocractic and heirarchical system that supported it.............This kind of criticism brought Columbanus into conflict with the aforementioned hero archetype Merovingian queen Brunhild, the mother of Bertha, the wife of Etelbert of Kent. Brunhild was the wife of the nomad archetype Merovingian King Sigebert I, who had Columbanus brought up on charges stemming from his "Eastern form" of Catholicism which, of course, harkens back to the coming of "monophysite" Egyptian monks to Ireland around 451. In any case, Columbanus was indicted in 603 and summoned before a Synod at Chalon-sur-Saone where he and his companions were expelled from the continent and ordered to return to Ireland. On his return, however, he was shipwrecked and, by late 603, he was once again back at work founding Egypto-Irish monestaries throughout Europe.............From this distance in time,, we can no longer be sure exactly how many monestaries were founded in Columbanus' name. But the number, stretching across vast territories that would become in time the countries of France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy, cannot be less than sixty and may be more than one hundred. His last monestary was founded at Bobbio in northern Italy in 612. While at Bobbio, the old counter-cultural modernist Columbanus had time, before his death in 615, to communicate his concerns about the Church to the culturally fundamentalist nomad archetype Gregory I. As far as we know, these communiques were never answered..............Twenty years after Columbanus' death in 625, artist archetype Aiden MacGabrain of Dunwald, another devoted desciple of Columcille, established the famous monestary of Lindesfarne, off the coast of Northumbria. It was in Northumbria, we remember, where the culturally fundamentalist Augustine of Canturbury had been busily convering Ethelbert of Kent to the Roman form of Catholicism. Augustine,of course, was being assisted in his work by Ethelbert's wife Bertha. Bertha,of course, was the daughter of that same Brunhild who had been persecuting Columbanus on the Continent. The appearance of the counter-cultural modernist Aiden and his monks at Lindesfarne must have been a setback for the culturally fundamentalist Roman cause. It became even moreso of a setback when King Oswald of Northumbria, Ethelbert's prophet archetype son and successor, requested that Aiden be made their Bishop.............As I have said, from Lindesfarne, Aiden had already been evangelizing northern England. His patrons had already been the princes Oswald and Oswy when they had fled to the monestary of Iona on the death of their father Ethelbert. While staying at Columcille's monestary, they converted to the Egypto-Irish form of Cristianity. As I said, it was in 625, when Oswald returned to power, that he invited Aiden to Northumbria to found his monestary at Lindesfarne. It would be King Oswald and later his brother Oswy, who would be the principle negotiators between the Romans and the Egypto-Irish in their theological disputes.............The conflict between the modernist counter-culturalism of the Egypto-Irish and the cultural fundamentalism of the Roman Church festered for over sixty years throughout the Heraclean high and on into the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Islamic Awakening ca.603-664. For example, in 640, Pope John IV, now a counter-cultral fundamentalist, sent an official letter to certain Irish Bishops and Abbots censoring them for their "Eastern" ways and their custom of observing Easter in accordance with the "Greeks." The letter also referred to the hersey of monothelitism that arose from attempts to reconcile the Egyptian heresy of monophysitism and Orthodoxy. The conflict came to a head at the Abbey of Whitby in Northumbria. In 664, Hulda, the prophet archetype Abbess of Whitby, conviened a Synod whose purpose was to settle the conflict between the counter-cultural modernist Irish and the cultural fundamentalism of the Roman Church. At this Synod, King Oswy of Northumbria, Brunhild's grandson, ruled in favor of the Roman position. The Irish party gave in. They agreed that their father-in-God, Columcille, whose name was invoked in all their customs, took second place to Peter, the prince of the Lord's apostles, in whose name the Roman party made its arguement.............Of course, this dispute between the Egypto-Irish and Roman Churches was simply a dress rehersal for the more dramatic contest that will develop between the Greek and Roman Churche that would surface first at the Synod of Gentilly, at the very end of the culturally modernist Islamic Awakening in 767. The Synod at Gentilly would also be directly ancestral to the permanent split between the Eastern and Western Catholic Churches during the crisis of 1054.............In addition to the Merovingians in old Gaul and Popes in Rome, the cultural fundamentalism of Heraclean high ca.603-632 can be found in the final struggles between the East Roman and Sassanid Empires. And, in addition to the counter-culturally Egypto-Irish Church in the West, in the East, counter-cultural modernism during the Heraclean high can be found in the rise of Islam. In 610 an artist archetype named Heraclius, son of the Roman governor of North Africa, sailed from Roman Carthage bound for Constantinople. When he arrived in the capitol city, he overthrew the usurper Phocas and entered upon what must have seemed to be a hopeless task. In short order he refashioned the demorilized armies. His strict economies repaired the shattered finances of the Empir and he sternly repressed the turbulent city factions...........The Sassanid forces, however, could not be faced in open combat, and a Persian wave of conquest, more overwhelmig than any since Achaemenid days, rolled over West Asia. In 611 Antioch fell, in 613 Damascus; in the following year Jerusalem was sacked, and its Patriarch carried off to Persia, together with the wood of the True Cross, the holiest relic of Christianity. In 619 came the invasion of Egypt, and, with the fall of Alexandria, the great center of African and Asiatic commerce, Constantinople lost the principle source of her grain supply. Palestine, Syria and Egypt were gone, Anatolia was threatened, and, meanwhile, Asianic speaking Avars ravaged the Danubian provinces.............In 620 the culturally fundamentalist Heracleus advanced into the heart of Persia. A glorious victory was gained near Mosul, and although Ctesiphon, the Sassanid capital, could not be reached, the next spring brought news of a Persian revolution and the murder of the Great King. His successor was obliged to coclude peace, and all the territory annexed by Persia ws restored to the Empire. Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor were freed from the invader, and the True Cross returned to its resting place at Jerusalem. In 629 Heraclius entered his capital in a blaze of glory, and the triumph of te Christian Empire was universally recognized.............This last victory over the Sassanids was too late. During the Islamic Awakening and united by Islam, the Arabs swept out of their arid homeland into Syria. The Sassanids fell quickly in 628. The East Roman army took to the field without Heraclius and was promptly defeated at the battle of Yarmuk in 634 and the Late Medieval phase of the East Roman/ Byzantine civilization began. The victories of artist archetype Heraclius in West Asia had proven for naught in the face of the rapid expansion of the powerful new Muslim religion. An artist archetype contemporary of the culturally fundamentalist Heraclius was the counter-cultural modernist Muhammed.........Muhammed, of course, was the prophet of the new faith of Islam. He came from the Arabian town of Mecca which was an important center of trade and culture. Deeply interested in religion, he had studied Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian religious ideas, and, in 612, when he was in his early forties, he began preaching. His chief themes were the oneness of God (monotheism), the importance of charity and prayer, divine judgement, a submission to God's will (Islam). Ill received by the populace of Mecca, he fled with a handful of followers to Medina in 622 where he had great success with surrounding tribesmen. War with Mecca followed, but the Muslims eventually won. By the time of Muhammeds death in 632, a great many Arab tribes had been won over or subjugated. After his death his teachings were written in the Koran, the Muslim Holy Book, while the direction of the faith was undertaken by a leader called a Caliph and a third form of theocracy entered the Medieval Paradigm.............As I have said, the cultural fundadamentalism of the Heraclean high ca.603-632 is linked, through the process of the spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare of the culturally fundamentalist Theodoran Awakening ca.507-632, to the fundamentalist counter-culture of the preceding culturally modernist Merovingian high ca.476-507. The modernist culture of the Merovingian steady state would be dominated by the appearance of new Indo-Germanic speaking peoples such as the Goths in Italy and Spain, the Franks in old Gaul, and the Anglo-Saxons in England. These new peoples produced new leaders like Arbogast and Clovis of the Franks and Odovacar and Theodoric of the Goths.............The Merovingian modernist culture also witnessed the rise of a monophysite Egypto-Irish Church in Ireland that produced an "Oriental" monastic centered spirituality atop its Indo-European Celtic roots. The monks at these Egypto-Irish monestaries were the last Western Europeans who could read classical Greek and the great heroes of the Egypto-Irish Church were the "white martyrs" who were the founders of monestaries like Bridgid of Kildare or Finnian of Clonard all of whose libraries were filled with texts EX AEGYPTO TRANSDUCTA.............Arianism also made a comeback in the modernist culture of the Merovingian high ca.476-507 thanks to the Goths who ruled Italy during the period. But orthodox Roman Christianity found its champion in the culturally modernist nomad archetype Frank named Clovis, who was the first of the Merovingian dynasty of Kings. This new cultural order owed its allegiance to local aristocratic factions and local problems in the West rather than to Constantinople in the East.............The fundamentalist counter-culture of the Merovingian high is represented by the last of the "legitimate" Roman Emperors in the West ending finally with the abdication of Romulus Augustulus in 476. The Eastern Emperors like Anastasius and Zeno also can be counted as a part of the Merovingian fundamentalist counter-culture as were Aetius and Syagrius, Roman commanders in old Gaul, anti-delluvian counter-cultural fundamentalists to the modernist cultural flood. So too were the prophet archetype bishops Patrick and Augustine fighting the difficult fight against culturally modernist pagans in North Africa and heretics in Ireland. Also in England the name of Vortigern is forever associated with a type of counter-cultural fundamentalist treachery in the face of a modernist Anglo-Saxon onslaught............Of course, the fundamentalist counter-culture of the culturally modernist Merovingian steady state ca.476-507 is linked with the fundamentalist culture of the preceding Ambrosean steady state ca.359-388 through the spiritual,cultural,actual warfare of the culturally modernist Augustinian Awakening ca.388-507. The cultural fundamentalism of the Ambrosean high incorporated the empire bulding activities of the hero archetype Sassanid King Shapur II. During this high, Shapur II had to deal simultaneously with Asianic speaking Kushans to his East and Indo-European speaking Romans to his West. He dealt with both enemies successfully and finally could get down to the problem of internal warring religious factions within his empire. In the main, these factions included the Sassanian form of Zoroastrianism on the one side and Manichaeans on the other............The Sassanid dynasty itself owed its origins to the prophet archetype priest named Sasan who rose-up during the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Awakening that bears his name ca.131-259. Sasan preached a non-monotheistic view of Zoroasters teachings and this was the religious tradition followed by his nomad archetype son Papak and his hero archetype grandson Ardashir I............At the end of the culturally modernist Sassanid Awakening ca.131-259, Ardishir's culturally modernist artist archetype son Shapur I adopted the religion of Manichaeanism. But Shapur's sucessors to Vahram II returned to the Sassanian form of Zoroastrianism. In 293, the King Narses adopted Manichaeanism again. Thus by the time of Shapur II, a significant religious struggle had broken out among the descendants of Zoroaster that was similar in nature to the one that was developing among the followers of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire...........Also during the culturally fundamentalist Ambrosean high ca.359-388, outside the Sassanian Empire, there were Christian Romans to the West and Buddhist Kushans to the East. The culturally fundamentalist Shapur II must have felt that, in a religious sense, some kind of stand was necessary. Since Shapur II favored the Sassanian form of Zoroastrianism, he sought to define orthodoxy by establishing the canon of the Avesta, the Persian Holy Book, thus again paralleling similar developments within both Christianity and Judaism. The counter-cultural modernist Zoroastrianism of Shapur II spelled persecution not only for Manichaeans in his Empire but Christians, Buddhists, and Jews as well............The Christian Roman Emperors, artist archetypes Constantius II, Valens and Valentinian I and prophet archetype Valentinian II were also part of the fundamentalist culture of the Ambrosean steady state high ca.359-388. As was the artist archetype Theodosius I, surnamed the Great. So too were the artist archetypes Emperor Julian the "Apostate" , the Princeps Senatus Quintus Aelius Symmachus, and Ambrose, Bishop of Milan...........The modernist counter-culture of the Ambrosean high was populated mostly by Arian, and Manichaean heretics with a Gnostic or two thrown in for good measure. The counter-cultural modernism of the culturally fundamentalist Ambrosean high ca.359-388 is linked with the cultural modernism of the preceding Shapurean steady state ca.227-259 through the series of spiritual, cultural, and actual wars of the culturally fundamentalist Manichaean Awakening ca.259-388. And, of course, the cultural modernism of the Shapuran high is the end product of the spiritual,cultural, and actual wars of the culturally modernist Sassanid Awakening ca.131-259..............The modernist culture of the Shapurean high ca.227-259 can be characterized as being the creation of a "spiritual" struggle within and among competing religious traditions. This phenomena is occurring simultaneously both culturally and counter-culturally in both the Iranian and Mediterranean Empires. The political systems of both the Sassanid and Roman Empires during this high were part of a fundamentalist counter-culture that was under the contol of theocracy. The major competing and culturally modernist religious traditions in the Roman Empire during the Shapurean high ca.227-259 were the Egyptian cult of Isis headquartered at Alexandria, the Syrian cult of Baal-Helios headquartered at Emessa, the Persian cult of Mithra concentrated in the Roman miltary, Perian Zoroastrianism and Manichaeanism, and Judeo-Christianity..............At the heart of the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the failed secular Roman political system was a failed educational sytem that had consumed itself with its own ideology. The counter-culturally fundamentalist theocratic political system became a control to be achieved or a tool to be used by the contending culturally modernist religious traditions. The interface between the cultural modernism of competing religious traditions and the counter-cultural fundamentalism of the political system can be found during this period in the establishment of the Sassanid dynasty in Persia and the evolution of the Dominate in the Roman Empire.............In its history, from Orientalization I, throughout the entire Greco-Roman paradigm and Orientalization II, and on into the first half of the Medieval paradigm, Western Civilization has had to reckon with three successive Iranean powers; first were the Achaemenids who threatened the Classical Greeks; next were the Parthians who were the enemies of Seleucid Greeks, Republican Romans and Romans of the Principate; and third were the Sassanids, the political foe of the Roman Dominate during its roughly five hundred years of existence from the period that separates the end of the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Sassanid Awakening in 161 from the battle of Yarmuk in 634 which is either at the end of the culturally fundamentalist Heraclean high ca.603-634 or beginning of the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Islamic Awakening when a new and more menacing Oriental power would emerge to challenge the West..............As the West grew in strength, the struggle between Orient and Occident became a more even contest, but the people of the West had always to be on gaurd. In their earliest phases all three Iranian Empires were especially menacing, although each time, the initial impetus of the Iranian thrust was lost partly because of dynastic quareling, or internal disorder, or foreign pressures coming simultaneously from both East and West. It was also true that as the Iranians controlled wider and wider areas outside their homeland they always faced problems of military manpower to garrison and protect their far-flung domains, and they had to keep in subjection or attempt to retain the loyalties of diverse non-Iranian peoples. Fortuneately for the West, therefore, there was a limit to this kind of Oriental imperial expansion, and the fighting was mostly confined to regions that both East and West wanted to control: Anatolia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt..............The Achamaenids and the Sassanids were truly Persian dynasties, but the Parthians were interlopers despite their claims to legitimacy and descent from the Achaemenids. Indeed one of their number, the artist archetype Mani claimed that his mother was a descendant of the Arsacids, the old Parthian ruling house. And, as I have said above, it would be the culturally modernist Manichaean form of Zoroastrianism that would be adopted by the counter-cultural fundamentalist and artist archetype Sassanid King Shapur I during this culturally modernist Shapurean high ca.227-259..............Again, as I said above, the Sassanians originally took their name from Sasan, a Persian Magus or high priest of the goddess Anahita. The goddess Anahita is simply the Persian representation of the feminine aspect of the Indo-European triad. Other representations of this goddess include; Athena of the Greeks, Minerva of the Etruscans, Frigge of the Anglo-Saxons, Teutates of the Celts and Vishnu of the Aryans. She was also known as Anat to devotees of the cult of Baal-Helios, as YHWH to the Jews, and as the Holy Spirit to the Christians.............Sasan lived in Persepolis in southwestern Iran. During the spirital warfare phase of the culturally modernist awakening that bears his name ca.131-259, Sasan married the daughter of Gochir of Persis. In 208, one of Sasan's nomad archetype sons named Papak overthrew and usurped the throne of the native ruler there and went on to challenge the leaderhip of the Parthian Empire..............It was the hero archetype Ardashir I, Papaks son, who warred successfully against the last Parthian King Artabanus, who had already been stressed in the West by the Romans. In fact Artabanus himself was killed fighting the Romans in 224, three years before the onset of this culturally modernist Shapurean high in 227. It was in 227 when Ctesiphon, the Parthian capital on the Tigris, fell to Ardashir I. After this, Ardashir could found his new Sassanid dynasty and Empire. An Empire that, as I have already said, would be the major Iranian opponent of the Roman Dominate during the Early Medieval Paradigm to the death of its last king Khursro II in 628 at the hands of the Muslims.............Indeed, the period which saw the origins of the Sassanids, the end of the Parthian Empire, and the rise and development of the early Sassanid Empire chronologically corresponds to the time of the origin and early evolution of the Roman Dominate. The end of the Principate and onset of the Dominate began to happen during the young adulthood of the prophet archetype Marcus Aurelius, who was the generational contemporary of prophet archetype Sasan. The nomad archetype Papak was the generational contemporary of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus, the founder of a Severan dynasty in 193 that would end with the overthrow of Alexander Severus, the artist archetype contemporary of Shapur I.............Thus, the end of the Severan dynasty happened at about the same time that hero archetype Ardashir I and his son Shapur I were preparing to take Ctesiphon. So, at about the same time that Shapur I would be changing his religion from Sassanian Zoroastrianism to Manichaeanism the Roman Emperor Eluyabalus was just completing his stint as the first Roman Priest-king............It is important that we remember at this point that the Sassanid rise to power was based on the specific religious tradition preached by Sasan. This non-monotheistic form of Zoroastrianism had at its cosmological roots the Indo-European (i.e.Persian) triad that included the goddess Anahita, her step brother Mithra, and their father Ahuramazda. I have shown above the various manifestations of Anahita in the Indo-European cosmological traditions. And, like Anahita, her brother Mithra has also other manifestations. The Greeks called him Dionysus, the Etruscans called him Maris, the Anglo-Saxons knew him as Thor, the Celts named him Esus and the Aryans called him Shiva.............Like both Anahita and Mithra, Ahuramazda, their father, had his own alternate Indo-European incarnations. The Greeks called him Zeus, the Etruscans knew him as Yupiter, the Anglo-Saxons called him Woton, the Celts named him Tyrannos, and the Aryans called him Brahma. And as Anahita was known as Anat to devotees of the cult of Baal-Helios and as YHWH to the Jews and the Holy Spirit to the Christians, so too were Ahuramazda and Mithra known to devotees of the cult of Baal-Helios as El and Baal, to the Jews as Elohim and Adonai and to the Christians as the Father and the Son...........As I showed above, during the culturally modernist Shapurean steady state ca.227-259, artist archetype Shapur I adopted as his religion of choice a different form of Zoroastrianism preached by his artist archetype contemporary named Mani. Mani claimed, as I have already said, to be a descendant of the Arsacid ruling house of Parthia. We know that his father's family came from Median Ecbatana but had migrated to Babylon where Mani was born about 216. Mani was brought up in a religious sect known as the "baptizers." He is said to have been subject to visions and at last received true divine secrets from that most perfect of Zoroaster's inventions--an angel. It was said that he, like all good West Asian prophets, had made a journey to India before he began to preach...........When mature, Mani's theology was nothing if not eclectic, a potpouri of current beliefs, drawing upon neo-Platonism, Zoroastrianism, Cristianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Gnosticism. The only real contemporary of such a catchall was Christianity. In the beginning, said Mani, there were two opposites; light and darkness. The former represented the spirit or soul of man and the latter his body. In his theology, Mani took the Zoroastrian dichotomy to its extreme, for he considered the world of the Spirit to be good while he considered the world of the body or matter to be evil. Mani taught that the ultimate goal for the human was the emancipation of the good spiritual soul from the evil world of matter and its body................Mani's philosophy was epistomologically similar to neo-Platonic and Gnostic beliefs. Baptism (purgation), communion (jubilation), and absolution (Mortification) were Manichaean sacramental rituals while fire (Invigoration) was the ultimate symbol for light. Like Sasan, Mani preached a triadic religion, but, unlike Sasan, he saw the triad as being composed of the "father of Grandeur" (i.e.Mind or Ahuramazda), the primative man (i.e.Body or Mithra), and the mother of all the living (i.e.Spirit or Anahita). Associated with the father of Grandeur were five houses or attributes probably associated with the five senses: intelligence, reason, thought, reflection, and will. The rival of the father was the king of darkness, Sasan's Ahriman, the leader of the son's of darkness, the Satani. The father of darkness was associated with wind, water, clouds and smoke. Dispite its obvious indebtedness to some phases of Judaism, that religion was disavowed by the Manichaeans. Moses and the prophets were branded as devils, and Jesus and Buddha were called true prophets and precursors of Mani............During the culturally modernist Shapurean steady state, the counter-cultral fundamentalist Shapur I became a devotee of the culturally modernist religious tradition of Manichaeanism. As a result of Shapur's conversion, the Sassanian form of Zoroastrianism lost ground. But after Shapur's death, a reaction set in. Mani was declared to be a heretic by the Magian priesthood well before any Christian would share the same fate. In shades of contemporary Roman persecution of Christians or later orthodox Christian persecution of herectical Christians, Mani was imprisoned, tortured and finally died in 276 during the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally fundamentalist Awakening that bears his name ca.259-388................The successors of Shapur I from Hormazd to Vahran II (272-293) were supported and guided by a magus named Kartir who, like Sasan, was the high priest of Anahita. Kartir rose to the exalted post of "soul keeper" of the King of King's. Under Kartir's influence Vahram I made the Sassnian form of Zoroastrianism the state religion, but in 293 the king Narses readopted Manichaeanism, but upon his death the situation reversed itself again. It was also in 293 when the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally fundamentalist Manichaean Awakening came to an end and was followed by the cultural warfare period of the same Awakening. But it was also by 293 that the prophet archetype Diocletian had declared himself to be a god-on-earth and it was in 293 that he established his tetrarchy..............Of course the Romans will reject imperial divinity as part of their theocracy and opt instead for divine "apostolic" appointment of the Priest-king in Rome and the King-priest in Constantinople. So, by the time of the culturally fundamentalist Ambrosean high ca.359-388, the hero archetype sons of the nomad archetype Constantine and the hero archetype Shapur II will have declared their respective religions state religions.........But ealier, in Rome, other cults in the modernist culture of the Shapurean steady state ca.227-259 competed with one another for converts. And, as I have already said, the most popular cult in Rome was that of the Egyptian goddess Isis that had been imported into Rome during the time of nomad archetype Julius Caesar and the hero archetype Egyptian queen Cleopatra, the high priestess of that cult. But the most obviously successful cult in the Roman political economy during the culturally modernist Sassanid Awakening ca.131-259 was that found in the Severan dynasty and in the cult of Baal-Helios promoted by the Emperor Basianus Severus............Artist archetype Basianus Severus, a generational contemporary of Shapur I, was the grandnephew of nomad archetype Septimius Severus, the generational contemporay of Papak. Basianus' mother was a hero archetype generational contemporary of Aradashir I named Julia Soemias. She was the daughter of nomad archetype Julia Maesa who was the sister of nomad archetype Julia Domna, the wife of Septimius Severus...........Both Julia Domna and Julia Maesa were the daughters of an elder prophet archetype named Basianus. This elder Basianus was the high priest of the cult of Baal-Helios at Emesa. Therefore, before he inherited the title of Roman Emperor from his grandfather Septimius Severus, the younger Basianus had already inherited the title of high priest of the cult of Baal-Helios from his great-grandfather the elder Basianus. Thus it is that the younger Basianus is our first positive example of the reemergence of the theocratic principle of Priest-King in the history of Western Civilization..............Basianus changed his name as a way of paying homage to the divine triad that populated the cosmology of his cult. His new name was ELUYABALUS. Deconstructing this name gives us the names of the cultic cosmological triad of Baal-Helios. The first in this triadic group is El and this correspponds to the Semitic rendering of the creator father god who is also known to Muslims as Allah and to the Jews as Elohim. In an early Semitic form of writing known as cuneiform the creator god El is symbolized by the image of a star. The asianic speaking Sumerians who had invented the cuneiform, rendered the name of the star symbol and its god as Anu.............The theophoric element of Baal in Basianus' new name signifies the central figure in the Baal-Helios Cosmology. The Baal-god can be seen as the syncretic combination of the Indo-European dying and rising vegitationn god commonly rendered as Adonis or Dionysus by the Greeks and the Semitic dying and rising shepherd god named Tammuz. Tammuz was the son of the goat-fish god Dagon, the god of wisdom, who was called by the Sumerians Ea and associated with the planetary star we call Jupiter. And the most important celebratory day for devotees of the cult of Baal-Helios was the day of the Ea-star or Easter. The third theophoric element in Basianus' new name was YA, a name reminiscent of the Jewish YHWH, who, like the Indo-European goddesses Athena and Anahita is associated with fire and the law (i.e. the burning bush)..............The next cult in popularity in the cultural modernism of the Roman world during the Shapurean high ca.227-259 was that of the Persian god Mithra. Mithra, of course, was the son of Ahuramazda and the brother of Anahita in the Sasssanian form of Zoroatrianism. Ironically, this religious tradition was mostly popular among members of the Roman military. It was the god of their most important enemy, and its most important celebratory feast day was the date of Mithra's birth--December 25th..............The last and certainly not the least important religious tradition in the modernist culture of the Shapurean high was that of Christianity. And the cultrally modernist Christian religious tradition of the culturally modernist Shapurean high is linked to the modernist counter-culture of the preceding culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high through the spiritual,cultural, and actual warfare periods of the culturally modernist Sassanid Awakening 131-259. And, of course, the counter-cultural modrnism of the Trajanic high is itself linked to the cultural modernism of the Augustin high ca.12 B.C.-14 A.D.through the spiritual,cultural, and actual warfare periods of the Christian Awakening ca.14-131..............The focus of the fundamentalist culture of the Trajanic high is that of the so-called "good emperors" during a so-called "pax Romana," while in the modernist counter-culture we find those same religious traditions that came to dominate the modernist culture of Shapurean high ca. 227-259. The cultural fundamentalism of the Trajanic high ca.98-131 marks the period of the childood of prophet archetype Marcus Aurelius, the man destined to be either the last princeps or the first of the theocrats and whose reign began in 161 , which is either the end of the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Sassanid Awakening or the beginning of the cultural warfare phase of the same Awakening............Marcus Aurelius was a generational contemporary of the prophet archetype Sasan, the eponymous founder of the Persian dynasty that bears his name. Those culturally fundamentalist young adult artist archetypes active during the Trajanic high ca.98-131 included the future emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. Of course, the central figure during the high was the hero archetype Trajan himself, who had been the generational contemporary of the earlier emperors Nero, Titus, and Domitian. And, of course, the first of the culturally fundamentalist "good emperors" was Trajan's benefactor and co-emperor, the elder nomad archetype, Nerva. Nerva himself had been the generational contemporary of the former emperor Vespasian, but he was also unknowingly the contemporay of the long-dead counter-cultural modernist, Paul of Tarsus, the man who brought Christianity to Rome in 61, during the cultural warfare phase of the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca.14-131.............The Christian religious tradition, as I have already pointed out, was just one of many of the culturally modernist "Oriental" cults competing for Rome's attention during Orientalization II ca.76B.C.-161A.D. The others I have mentioned were, the Cult of Isis that was headquartered in Alexandria, the Cult of Baal-Helios that was centered at Emesa in Syria,and the Persian Cult of Mithra that was popular in the Roman military. And there were the other Iranian cults including the Sassanian form of Zoroastrianism, pure Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeanism.It would be the Christian cult that was to be the religious tradition that would ultimatelly come to control the Roman Dominate.

Christianity, of course, represents just one example among the many culturally modernist religious traditions that populated the ancient mediterranean world during Orientalization II ca.76B.C-161A.D................. The growth and development of the Christian religious tradition is representative of a best documented case that records that paradigmatic shifting that must have taken place at that terminal point in the history of the Greco-Romans when their culture changed from one being dominated by rational and secular democracies, confederacies, republics, and principates to one dominated by "Oriental," mythopoetic, and theocratic, god-kings, king-priests, and priest-kings.......................... The writings of the nomad archetype Paul/Saul of Tarsus are a great documentary link, through the Christian Awakening ca.14-131, between the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131 and the preceeding culturally modernist Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D. The Augustin steady state was that time into which the prophet archetype [J]e,sus of Nazareth was born and in which he spent his childhood, coming of age at its end at approximately eighteen in 14A.D.. ................ According to the Scriptures, there are two reasons why the name [J]e,sus was given to the new Prophet. The first of these appears in the Gospel of Luke 1,26-38. "In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a town in Galilee called Nazareth, to a virgin betrothed to a man named Joseph, of the House of David; and the virgin's name was Mary. He went in and said to her, "Rejoice, so highly favoured! The Lord is with you." She was deeply disturbed by these words and asked herself what this greeting could mean, but the angel said to her "Mary, do not be afraid; you have won God's favour. Listen! You are to conceive and bear a son, and you must name him [J]e,sus. He will be great and will be called Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his ancestor David; he will rule over the House of Jacob for ever and his reign will have no end." Mary said to the angel, "But how can this come about, since I am a virgin?" "The Holy Spirit will come upon you" the angel answered "and the power of the Most High will cover you with its shadow. And so the child will be holy and will be called Son of God. Know this too: your kinswoman Elizabeth has, in her old age, herself conceived a son, and she whom people called barren is now in her sixth month, for nothing is impossible to God." "I am the handmaid of the Lord," said Mary "let what you have said be done to me." And the angel left her.".......................................... The second reason given in the Scriptures for naming the new Prophet [J]e,sus is found in Matthew 1,18-25. "This is how [J]e,sus Christ came to be born. His mother Mary was bethrothed to Joseph; but before they came to live together she was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit. Her husband Joseph, being a man of honor and wanting to spare her publicity, decided to divorce her informally. He had made up his mind to do this when the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, "Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, because she has conceived what is in her by the Holy Spirit and will give birth to a son and you must name him [J]e,sus, because he is the one who is to save his people from their sins."............................................ .Most commonly these days, however, the name of the prophetic founding genius of the Christian religious tradition is rendered by using the Hebrew Yeshua. However, I might suggest a somewhat different view, that will, oddly enough, link us back to Irish spirituality...............................In the first instance, we now know that the earliest Gaelic speaking Celts in Ireland originated in, what is today, southeastern Turkey. This location is near two of the earliest known Indo-European agricultural settlements located at Catal Huyuk and Hacilar. Using a combination of C14 and dendrachronology, the archaeologist Colin Renfru has traced the movement of these Indo-European speaking Celtic megalith builders from when they left ancient Turkey in around 5,500 B.C. to around 3,000 B.C. when they could be found throughout the British Isles and especially on Salisbury plain in England where they built the ringed temple/observatory now known as Stonehenge. Today both Catal Huyuk and Hacilar are near the ancient site of Tarsus, home of the nomad archetype Paul/Saul................................. In a second instance, I have mentioned the spiritual concept of the "Indo-European Triad" on several occasions in this text. Four of the most important of these triads have been; the Greek triad of Zeus, Dionysus, and Athena; the Etruscan triad of Yupiter, Maris, and Minerva; the Persian triad of Ahuramazda, Mithra, and Anahita, and the Anglo-Saxon triad of Woten, Thor, and Frigge. Of course, both the Greek and Roman spiritual triads can be linked with their political triads of Basileus or Rex (i.e. king or later in Athens=archon or later still in Rome=consul), Ekklesia or Comitia (i.e. the "body"of men, either legislative or fighting), and Gerousia or Senate (i.e. council of old men, and women?)................... In addition to these four spiritual triads, there is a fifth important representative and that is the Celtic triad rendered as Tyrannos (i.e. "thunder"; cf. Welsh taran, Old Irish torann, "thunder"; r and n have been reversed in Celtic. Also note Old English thunor, later>thunder.), Esus (i.e. "Lord"; cf.Latin erus, "master"), and Teutates (i.e. teuta, "people"; cf. Old Irish tuath, "people"; Welsh tud, "country." Note that "Teutonic" may be of Celtic origin. Other cognates: Lithuanian tauta; Oscan touto; Latin totus, "all"; Gothic thiuda; Old High German diota>German Deutsch; Hittite tuzzi, "army.")................. It is, of course, the rendering of the second name in this Celtic triad that is of greatest significance. I have already shown how linguists have rendered the meaning of Esus as "Lord." These same linguists also show how the name of Esus is cognate with the contemporary French phrase je suis (i.e. "I am"). To emphasize these connections with the Celtic triad, I spell the name [J]e,sus with the J bracketed to emphasize the Celtic name of Esus meaning "Lord," and a comma following the e to emphasize the French meaning of "I am.".........................Of course, the rendering of the name being "I am" is cosmologically consistent in meaning to the Hebrew rendering of YHWH, the other name given by God to Him/Herself and also translated as "I am." Also, we remember that the name [J]e,sus is listed at a cosmologically second point within an Indo-Europeanesque Christian triadic structure (the Christian trinity is more correctly a product of Egyptian theology) with three functions and consisting of a creator Father, redeemor Son(i.e. [J]e,sus), and conceivor Spirit (YHWH?)........................In the other Indo-European triads, the second cosmological point is taken by Thor, Mithra, Maris, Dionysus, and Esus. To these we might now wish to add the name [J]e,sus who, we might remember is also cosmologically known as the "new Adam." To this I might add that the third cosmological point on the Indo-European triad is populated by the females Frigge, Anahita, Minerva, Athena and Teutates. What might this suggest about the gender of the Holy Spirit? The name YHWH has been translated by several linguists as "I am Eve." To that end, we remember that, cosmologically speaking, the Virgin Mary is described, in addition to her title Mother of God, as being the "new Eve.".........................Additionally, what might all of this have to tell us about the "implied" triad found in the names given to God in the books of Genesis; Elohim, Adonai, and YHWH. For that matter how might these names be related to the priestly name taken by the Roman emperor Bassianus as he became Elu-YA-Baalus, the Priest of the cult of Baal-Helios. The first Priest-King in the history of the Roman theocracy..................Of course, the birth of prophet archetype [J]e,sus of Nazareth during the culturally modernist Augustin high ca. 12B.C-14A.D. places his first eighteen years of life midway between the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean ca.133-105 B.C. and Trajanic ca.98-131 steady states. Indeed, 14 A.D. is the year that ends the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca. 105 B.C.-14 A.D. and the year that begins the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca. 14-131.............The Essene Awakening ca. 105B.C.-14A.D. witnessed the rise of a modernist culture that first emerged counter-culturally during the Hasmonean high ca. 133-105 and would reach its apex during the Augustin high ca. 12B.C.-14A.D.. This same awakening also witnessed the gradual decline of the fundamentalist culture of the Hasmonean high to the point of its being part of the fundamentalist counter-culture of the Augustin high. Conversly, the Christian Awakening ca.14-131 witnessed the decline in the modernist culture of the Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D. and the corresponding rise in a fundamentalist culture that would reach its apex during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131...............The cultural modernism of the Augustin high can be archetypified by using as an example the cult of the Essenes in Judaea. This is the same group that buried its sacred scrolls in caves just above the Dead Sea sometime before the end of 70A.D. Of course, 70A.D. is the year that witnessed both the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the disasterous seige at the fortress of Masada.............. But, during the Augustin high, the Essene cult was alive and culturally quite well and in league with terrorist groups known to the Jews as "sicarii" (stabbers or assasins) and to Josephus and the Romans as "Lestai." One of these sicarii named Judas Iscariot will have an important role to play in the history of [J]e,sus of Nazareth during the spiritual warfare phase of the Christian Awakening ca.14-41, when [J]e,sus was executed on orders given by the artist archetype governor of Judaea, Pontius Pilate..................The counter-culturally modernist story of [J]e,sus of Nazareth was transmitted to others during the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening by his immediate followers known as the Apostles and especially by the prophet archetype Simon, called by Christ, the Rock (i.e.Peter). Peter established the first cosmopolitan Christian community, along with a '"second generation apostle" and nomad archetype named Saul/Paul, at Antioch in Syria sometime around 49A.D.. Peter then joined Paul in the most cosmopolitan center of all, the capitol city of the Mediterranean world, the city of Rome around 62A.D.. There they ministered to the Romans and other denizens of the city during the final days of the reign of the hero archetype Nero Caesar............... The execution of prophet archetype Peter and nomad archetype Paul, the suicide of hero archetype Nero, the accession to the throne of nomad archetype Vespasian, and the destruction of the second temple at Jerusalem by hero archetype Titus, had all happened by the onset of the actual warfare phase ca.70-98 of the Christian Awakening ca.14-131. Indeed, the deaths of Peter and Paul and the destruction of the second temple offer dramatic evidence for a declining modernist culture, while the accession of the Flavian dynasty represented a strong assertion of an imperial power that was a central part of a rising fundamentalist culture that would reach its apex during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131..............It was during the actual warfare phase of the Christian Awakening ca.70-98A.D that the corpus of the New Testament came to be written. The first testament was the Gospel of Mark, then, about ten years later, the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were written along with the Acts of the Apostles. By 95 the final text of the Book of Revelation was composed and soon therafter the final text of John's Gospel was produced along with the three letters of the "gray champion" prophet archetype, John the Elder..............It was at the onset of the Trajanic high around 98, when a wealthy Roman citizen and nomad archetype named Clement became head of Peter's counter-cultural and modernist Roman Church. Clement, of course, was the generational contemporary of Nerva, the first of the cultually fundamentalist so-called "good emperors." Clement apparently lived in a spacious villa located on Vatican Hill in Rome, and today, the archaeological remains of this villa lie beneath the main altar of St. Peter's Basillica on Vatican hill in Rome. In a niche located in a small room in the center of the villa archaeologists found a cache containing several bones that were wrapped in a purple cloth and bound together by a golden ribbon. Sctratched on the ribbon were the Latin letters that spelled the name Petrus............Of course, as we have already seen, Clement and his Christian Church were just one religious tradition among the many competing counter-culturally modernist "Oriental" religious traditions during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high. And, as I have already said, among these were the cult of Isis at Alexandria in Egypt, the cult of Baal-Helios near Antioch in Syria, and the cult of Mithra in the Roman army. It was Clement, in his letters or in letters ascribed to him, who taught the early Christians how to teach devotees of these other religious traditions about Christianity. The lesson was a simple one, to teach the unknown with reference to the known, and the result was the development of the same kinds of spiritual syncretism common to most if not all religious traditions of the day.............As I have already pointed out, the culturally fundamentalist culture of the Trajanic high began in the fundamentalist
counter-culture of the culturally modernist Augustin high ca. 12B.C.-14A.D. Likewise, the counter-cultural modernism of the Trajanic high also began as the culture of the preceeding Augustin high. This would mean that counter-cultural fundamentalism during the culturally modernist Augustin high would be archetypified by the Principate of Caesar Augustus while, as I have already said, the Essene cult in Judaea would archetypify the modernist culture of the same high................. The modernist Essene cult began, of course, in the counter-culture of the preceeding culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca.133-105B.C. The cultural fundamentalism of the Hasmonean steady state can be archetypified by reflecting on the last days of the old Roman republic during the times of the idealistic young artist archetypes Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus. Indeed, the high began with the Romans having just recently come into possession of the Attalid kingdom in western Asia Minor. Thus the entire geographical area once occupied by the Classical Greeks was now Roman and subject to imperial exploitation as were the formerly Greek and Carthaginian areas in the western Medittereanean already being exploited. The Hasmonean high was also the last period of total political independence of the Seleucids in Syria, Jews in Palestine, and Ptolemies in Egypt.............The period between the end of the Hasmonean and beginning of the Augustin steady states ca.105-12B.C. can be described as being dominated by internal struggles within the the fundamentalist cultures of the old Roman republic, the Seleucid kingdom in Syria, the Jews in Palestine, and the Ptolemies in Egypt..........After the assasinations of the artist archetype Gracchi brothers during the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca.133-105B.C., the Essene Awakening began. In its spiritual warfare phase ca.105-76B.C. it was the artist archetypes Marius, the populare versus Sulla, the optimate, in its cultural warfare phase ca.76-44B.C. it was prophet archetype Pompey, the optimate versus nomad archetype Julius Caesar, the populare, and during its actual warfare phase it was the hero archetypes Antony, the populare versing Octavian, the optimate. By the time of Augustus, Roman imperial government was both damaged and in its infancy, but, as I have already said, it was a very pregnant form of counter-cultural fundamentalism and one that would grow to become the dominant fundamentalist culture of the imperialistic Trajanic high ca.98-131.............The other fundamentalist cultures during the Hasmonean high represented the last era in ancient Mediterranean history before Roman political dominance. In Seleucid Syria, the culturally fundamentalist and artist archetype king Antiochus VII was a generational contemporary of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus as well as Marius and Sulla. It was Antiochus who entered into a concilliatory policy with regard to the Hasmonean descendants of the Maccabees. As a result of this new and more lenient policy towards the Jews nomad archetype John Hyrcanus I assumed the high priesthood and kingship in Judaea in 134. Hyrcanus thus became the first priest-king in the history of the Jewish theocracy, a fete not obtained by a Roman emperor until the time of Eluyabalus during the Roman Dominate................During Hyrcanus' reign (i.e. the Hasmonean high) the Hasmonean kingdom attained power and great prosperity and, indeed, his reign would mark the last time, before our own, that Judaea or Israel would be a powerful and united state. In his many military crusades, he championed a form of Jewish imperialism even to the extent that he forced conquered peoples to accept the Jewish faith. Thus was it the case with the forced conversion of Idumaea..........As in Rome, which was dominated by struggles between the "political parties" of optimates and populares, so too in Judaea it was the emergence of Saducee priests versing Pharasitic lawyers. But as in Rome, the "political parties" and their struggles were within the fundamentalist culture of the Hasmonean high and not between the fundamentalist culture and modernist counter-culture. The place of the modernist counter-culture in the Hasmonean high was assumed in the rise of the counter-cultural modernism of the Essene religious tradition..........The Essenes provide not only an important connection with Zoroastrian thinking in their interpretation of the Jewish religious tradition (largely found in the Dead Sea scrolls), but also they provide an important link between the events of the Maccabbean Awakening ca.229-105 before the Hasmonean high (most especially the redaction of the Book of Daniel) with the events of the Christian Awakening ca.14-131...............During the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca.105-76B.C., while artist archetypes Marius and Sulla were fighting it out in Italy, nomad archetype John Hyrcanus was succeeded by his artist archetype son Aristobulus I who reigned briefly but who expressed himself in all things to be a devotee of Hellenism. At his death in 103, his prophet archetype wife and queen, Alexandra Salome, arranged for the coronation of Aristobulus' prophet archetype brother Alexander Jannaeus as high priest and king whom she promptly married. When her new husband died in 76, Alexandra Salome began to rule, Athalian like, on behalf of her nomad archetype sons John Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II..............It was also during the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca.105-76 that the books of Maccabees were written and this compilation probably has something to do with the culturally modernist Essene cult that was on its way to its apex during the Augustin high ca.12B.C-14A.D. the steady state into which [J]e,sus of Nazareth was born and would spend the first eighteen years of his short life. The books of Maccabees describe the events of the preceeding cultural and actual warfare periods ca.196-133 of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabean Awakening ca.229-105B.C. that ended, of course, during the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca.133-105 in which the Essene cult had been entrenched as part of the modernist counter-culture....................It was in the earlier period of the Macabean revolt when the Book of Daniel was redacted. We also remember that in its Greek version the book of Daniel was called "Bel and the Dragon." The Book of Daniel,we remember, describes the period of the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Jews that dates to the spiritual and cultural warfare phases ca.597-539 of the Zoroastrian Awakening ca.597-479. This captivity in Babylon followed the destruction of Solomon's temple by the neo-Babylonian king and hero archetype Nebuchadnezzar in 586. The captivity came to an end in 539 when priests of the god Marduk opened the gates of Babylon to allow the entry of the nomad archetype Cyrus the Persian. Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and he provided them with the wherewithall to reconstruct Solomon's destroyed temple................ Apparently what was bothering the Babylonian priests of the god Marduk was the attempt by their king Nabonidas to create a new monotheistic religion whose cult center was to be Harran, the same location where it was said that Terah,Avram,Sarah and their families settled on their way out of "Ur of the Chaldees," probably sometime during the spiritual warfare phase ca.2017-1985 of the culturally modernist Sarahn Awakening ca.2017-1897.............I believe that it is significant to observe at this point that there are two pivatol moments in the history of the Jewish people both having to do with a tradition of "captivity" and religious "monotheism." The most recent of these moments is the one described as the "Babylonian Captivity" and associated with the king Nabonidas, while an earlier moment is the one described in the Book of Exodus and associated with the culturally modernist Mosaic Awakening ca. 1289-1179. The monotheistic king in question during this earlier period of captivity was the Egyptian Pharaoh named Ikhnaton whose story is part of the culturally fundamentalist Nefertitian Awakening ca.1417-1289..............Interestingly, the theology in the books of Macabees reflects a growing Judaic emphasis on such things as the importance and dignity of the second temple, the belief in the resurrection of the body, the efficacy of prayers by the living for the dead or by the departed for the Jewish nation, and the existence of angels. All of these ideas were important to the culturally modernist Essene religious tradition, a tradition whose origins seem to date to the time of the Macabean revolt........... The Essene cult also seems to have been the tradition responsible for redacting and writing both the Book of Daniel and the Books of Macabees. Indeed, the Essene cult has been described as a form of Zoroastrianized Judaism. This observation could be made in an examination of the Dead Sea Scrolls themselves, but also these same observations can be made concerning both the Books of Daniel and Maccabees. I have already shown how important the second temple was in Maccabean theology. This was the post-exilic temple of Ezra and Nehemia who had already been exposed to things Zoroastrian in their concourse with Cyrus the Persian................. This was also the temple "cleansed" by Judas Maccabeus in 164 who used the prophetic imagery in the book of Daniel to demonstrate the superiority of the God of the Jews over pagan idols, like the "Abomination of Desolation," or the statue of the Olympian Zeus placed in the second temple by order of the nomad archetype Seleucid king Antiochus IV. It was an imagery that wanted the Gentiles to acknowledge the God of the Jews as the only God. As I have already indicated, of no little significance in this regard is seeing the Book of Daniel as a representative cultural artifact of Persian influence , that is to say, Zoroastrian influence on the post-exilic Jews.......... Again, as I have also said, these same influences can be found in the Essene cult which rose up at the time of the Macabees who then redacted the books of Daniel and Macabees and may have produced a culturally modernist young prophet archetype [J]e,sus of Nazareth during the culturally modernist Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D.. The Essenes certainly produced the Dead Sea Scrolls that were buried around the time of the destruction of the second temple an incident perportedly predicted by [J]e,sus of Nazareth..............Specifically these Zoriastrian ideas have to do with such things as the "doctrine of Angels," bi polar opposition, appocyliptic visions of a great final battle between the "sons of light" and the "sons of Darkness, a final judgement and visions of Paradise and Hell and the coming of a Messiah figure referred to as the "Son of Man," a phrase frequently used by the counter- culturally modernist [J]e,sus of Nazarith during the spiritual warfare phase ca.14-41 of the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca.14-131 with reference to himself............Before the Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D., during the cultural warfare phase ca.76-44 of the Essene Awakening ca.105 B.C.-14A.D., in 67, prophet archetype Alexandra Salome died and her nomad archetype son John Hycarnus II became high priest. He was pro-Saducee and his brother Aristobolus II was pro-Parasee. Aristobolus II raised an army against his brother whom he defeated at Jericho. Hyrcanus II, on the advice of an Idumaean named Antipater, took refuge with Aretas III, king of the Nabataean Arabs. Again, urged by the Idumaean Antipater and backed by king Aretas, Hyrcanus II beseiged Jerusalem in 65.................At this juncture, the Roman general Scarus was sent to Syria as a legate by prophet archetype Pompey. Both Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II appealed to him for aid. Scarus promptly ordered Hyrcanus II to lift the seige, and as the Nabataean troops withdrew, they were set upon from the rear and defeated by Aristobulus II. The victorious Aristobuls II returned to Jerusalem and began a series of attacks on neighboring provinces. But the people were weary of him and his brother..............When prophet archetype Pompey arrived in Syria in 64, several delegates of Jews appealed to him representing Hyrcanus II, Aristobulus II, and a pro Pharasitical group seeking a new theocratic government under a high priest. Pompey called for a cessation of all hostilities and when Aristobulus II failed to obey, Pompey marched on Jerusalem. Aristobuls II was taken prisoner and shipped to Rome. In 63, Hyrcanus II was once again appointed high priest and ethnarch. Judah was reduced in size losing all territories acquired since Simon's time, and was annexed to Rome as part of the province of Syria governed by Scarus............The Idumaean Antipater was given charge of political relatioships and served as a Roman puppet. The Jewish priest-king theocracy had ended. The province of Judaea was born, to be governed in the future by the Herod's, the descendents of the Idumaean Antipater. In fact, it was not until the onset of the actual warfare phase ca.44-12B.C. of the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca.105B.C.-14A.D. in 40B.C. when the nomad archetype and generational contemporary of Julius Caesar, Herod the Great, son of the Idumaean Antipater, began to attract the attention of his Roman patrons as result of his campaigns against terrorist groups...........In many cases these terrorist groups, known as Lestai to the Romans and Josephus and sicarri to the Jews, represented the militant arm of the Essene cult. Indeed at Masada in 70 both Essene cultist and sicarii assasins died side by side in what they all must have believed was the "final battle" between the "sons of light" (i.e. sicarii and Essenes) against the "sons of Darkness" (i.e. the Romans)...............But, as I said, at the onset of the actual warfare phase of the Essene Awakening in 44B.C., the culturally modernist cult of Isis was introduced into Rome by its high priestess and hero archetype Cleopatra VII. The cult was popular and remained in Rome. Cleopatra,of course, did not and she returned to Egypt finally with her hero archetype paramour Marc Antony. But both were defeated by the counter-cultural fundamentalist and hero archetype Octavian in 30B.C.............During the culturally modernist Augustin high in 4B.C. nomad archetype Herod the Great died. 4B.C. is the same year given by many scholars as the date of the birth of [J]e,sus of Nazareth. Also in 4B.C. the culturally modernist terrorist leader and hero archetype Judas of Galilee took the oportunity of the interregnum to launch his anti-imperial offensive. In the same year he seized the royal armory. Simultaneously a terrorist named Simon "burnt the palace at Jericho and many magnificent residences." A third part of the rebellion was led by a former shepherd named Athnongaeus who succeeded in "harassing all Judaea." The Roman governor Varus restored law and order by capturing 2000 ringleaders and having them all crucified............Judas of Galilee emerged once again as the leader of the main terrorist force. In 6A.D. the Romans tried to conduct a census and Judas warned his countrymen to resist because the census would lead to nothing less than slavery. We know little more than this about the rebellion of Judas of Galilee save for the fact that we know that his prophet archetype sons continued to fight and that two of these generational contemporaries of [J]e,sus of Nazareth were crucified and that one of their nomad archetype sons, a generational contemporary of Saul/Paul, led the suicidal defense of the fortress of Masada in 70A.D..........As I have said, the terrorist groups operating in Judaea during the culturally modernist Augustin high represented the militant wing of the culturally modernist Essene cult. As I have also said, this cult was highly Zoroastrianized and imbued with Maccabean apocyliptic Messianism. Galilee was too small of a place for [J]e,sus and Judas to have lived and fought and taught without knowing about the activities of the other. At the very least Judas and his sons' fighting made things much more dangerous for [J]e,sus, the counter-cultural modernist who preached and taught throughout Judaea during the spiritual warfare phase ca.14-41 of the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca.14-131...........Of course, as I have already said, the modernist counter-culture expressed by [J]e,sus and his disciples would be in decline throughout the spiritual, cultural and actual warfare periods of the Christian Awakening ca.14-131 reaching its nadir during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131. Also, the fundamentalist culture of the Principate would increase through the same periods reaching its apex during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131........... The deaths of [J]e,sus, Peter, Paul, the destruction of the second temple, the Masada debacle, and the death of Clement offer ample evidence for the decline of that cultural modernism that had reached its apex in the Essene cult during the preceeding culturally modernist Augustin high when prophet archetype [J]e,sus of Nazareth was born and spent his first eighteen years. Likewise, the continued imperial growth of the Roman Empire throughout the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca.14-131 testifies to the rise of its fundamentalist culture that would reach its apex during the Trajanic high ca.98-131. The counter-cultural modernist Pope Clement I, though a generational contemporary of nomad archetype Nerva, was not a part of his fundamentalist culture. Likewise, even though he was a generational contemporary of prophet archetype Caligula, [J]e,sus of Nazareth was his cultural opposite even during the time of their childhoods in the culturally modernist Augustin high, when Caligula would have been counter-cultural and [J]e,sus would have been cultural............And, as I have said, the modernist culture that spiritually birthed [J]e,sus had begun as the Essenic counter-culture during the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca133-105. The Essenic counter-culture itself can be linked through the process of actual, cultural, and spiritual warfare of the Maccabean Awakening ca.229-105 to the modernist culture of the preeceeding culturally modernist Barcid high ca.260-229.

Christianity, of course, represents just one example among the many culturally modernist religious traditions that populated the ancient mediterranean world during Orientalization II ca.76B.C-161A.D................. The growth and development of the Christian religious tradition is representative of a best documented case that records that paradigmatic shifting that must have taken place at that terminal point in the history of the Greco-Romans when their culture changed from one being dominated by rational and secular democracies, confederacies, republics, and principates to one dominated by "Oriental," mythopoetic, and theocratic, god-kings, king-priests, and priest-kings.......................... The writings of the nomad archetype Paul/Saul of Tarsus are a great documentary link, through the Christian Awakening ca.14-131, between the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131 and the preceeding culturally modernist Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D. The Augustin steady state was that time into which the prophet archetype [J]e,sus of Nazareth was born and in which he spent his childhood, coming of age at its end at approximately eighteen in 14A.D.. ................ According to the Scriptures, there are two reasons why the name [J]e,sus was given to the new Prophet. The first of these appears in the Gospel of Luke 1,26-38. "In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a town in Galilee called Nazareth, to a virgin betrothed to a man named Joseph, of the House of David; and the virgin's name was Mary. He went in and said to her, "Rejoice, so highly favoured! The Lord is with you." She was deeply disturbed by these words and asked herself what this greeting could mean, but the angel said to her "Mary, do not be afraid; you have won God's favour. Listen! You are to conceive and bear a son, and you must name him [J]e,sus. He will be great and will be called Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his ancestor David; he will rule over the House of Jacob for ever and his reign will have no end." Mary said to the angel, "But how can this come about, since I am a virgin?" "The Holy Spirit will come upon you" the angel answered "and the power of the Most High will cover you with its shadow. And so the child will be holy and will be called Son of God. Know this too: your kinswoman Elizabeth has, in her old age, herself conceived a son, and she whom people called barren is now in her sixth month, for nothing is impossible to God." "I am the handmaid of the Lord," said Mary "let what you have said be done to me." And the angel left her.".......................................... The second reason given in the Scriptures for naming the new Prophet [J]e,sus is found in Matthew 1,18-25. "This is how [J]e,sus Christ came to be born. His mother Mary was bethrothed to Joseph; but before they came to live together she was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit. Her husband Joseph, being a man of honor and wanting to spare her publicity, decided to divorce her informally. He had made up his mind to do this when the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, "Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, because she has conceived what is in her by the Holy Spirit and will give birth to a son and you must name him [J]e,sus, because he is the one who is to save his people from their sins."............................................ .Most commonly these days, however, the name of the prophetic founding genius of the Christian religious tradition is rendered by using the Hebrew Yeshua. However, I might suggest a somewhat different view, that will, oddly enough, link us back to Irish spirituality...............................In the first instance, we now know that the earliest Gaelic speaking Celts in Ireland originated in, what is today, southeastern Turkey. This location is near two of the earliest known Indo-European agricultural settlements located at Catal Huyuk and Hacilar. Using a combination of C14 and dendrachronology, the archaeologist Colin Renfru has traced the movement of these Indo-European speaking Celtic megalith builders from when they left ancient Turkey in around 5,500 B.C. to around 3,000 B.C. when they could be found throughout the British Isles and especially on Salisbury plain in England where they built the ringed temple/observatory now known as Stonehenge. Today both Catal Huyuk and Hacilar are near the ancient site of Tarsus, home of the nomad archetype Paul/Saul................................. In a second instance, I have mentioned the spiritual concept of the "Indo-European Triad" on several occasions in this text. Four of the most important of these triads have been; the Greek triad of Zeus, Dionysus, and Athena; the Etruscan triad of Yupiter, Maris, and Minerva; the Persian triad of Ahuramazda, Mithra, and Anahita, and the Anglo-Saxon triad of Woten, Thor, and Frigge. Of course, both the Greek and Roman spiritual triads can be linked with their political triads of Basileus or Rex (i.e. king or later in Athens=archon or later still in Rome=consul), Ekklesia or Comitia (i.e. the "body"of men, either legislative or fighting), and Gerousia or Senate (i.e. council of old men, and women?)................... In addition to these four spiritual triads, there is a fifth important representative and that is the Celtic triad rendered as Tyrannos (i.e. "thunder"; cf. Welsh taran, Old Irish torann, "thunder"; r and n have been reversed in Celtic. Also note Old English thunor, later>thunder.), Esus (i.e. "Lord"; cf.Latin erus, "master"), and Teutates (i.e. teuta, "people"; cf. Old Irish tuath, "people"; Welsh tud, "country." Note that "Teutonic" may be of Celtic origin. Other cognates: Lithuanian tauta; Oscan touto; Latin totus, "all"; Gothic thiuda; Old High German diota>German Deutsch; Hittite tuzzi, "army.")................. It is, of course, the rendering of the second name in this Celtic triad that is of greatest significance. I have already shown how linguists have rendered the meaning of Esus as "Lord." These same linguists also show how the name of Esus is cognate with the contemporary French phrase je suis (i.e. "I am"). To emphasize these connections with the Celtic triad, I spell the name [J]e,sus with the J bracketed to emphasize the Celtic name of Esus meaning "Lord," and a comma following the e to emphasize the French meaning of "I am.".........................Of course, the rendering of the name being "I am" is cosmologically consistent in meaning to the Hebrew rendering of YHWH, the other name given by God to Him/Herself and also translated as "I am." Also, we remember that the name [J]e,sus is listed at a cosmologically second point within an Indo-Europeanesque Christian triadic structure (the Christian trinity is more correctly a product of Egyptian theology) with three functions and consisting of a creator Father, redeemor Son(i.e. [J]e,sus), and conceivor Spirit (YHWH?)........................In the other Indo-European triads, the second cosmological point is taken by Thor, Mithra, Maris, Dionysus, and Esus. To these we might now wish to add the name [J]e,sus who, we might remember is also cosmologically known as the "new Adam." To this I might add that the third cosmological point on the Indo-European triad is populated by the females Frigge, Anahita, Minerva, Athena and Teutates. What might this suggest about the gender of the Holy Spirit? The name YHWH has been translated by several linguists as "I am Eve." To that end, we remember that, cosmologically speaking, the Virgin Mary is described, in addition to her title Mother of God, as being the "new Eve.".........................Additionally, what might all of this have to tell us about the "implied" triad found in the names given to God in the books of Genesis; Elohim, Adonai, and YHWH. For that matter how might these names be related to the priestly name taken by the Roman emperor Bassianus as he became Elu-YA-Baalus, the Priest of the cult of Baal-Helios. The first Priest-King in the history of the Roman theocracy..................Of course, the birth of prophet archetype [J]e,sus of Nazareth during the culturally modernist Augustin high ca. 12B.C-14A.D. places his first eighteen years of life midway between the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean ca.133-105 B.C. and Trajanic ca.98-131 steady states. Indeed, 14 A.D. is the year that ends the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca. 105 B.C.-14 A.D. and the year that begins the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca. 14-131.............The Essene Awakening ca. 105B.C.-14A.D. witnessed the rise of a modernist culture that first emerged counter-culturally during the Hasmonean high ca. 133-105 and would reach its apex during the Augustin high ca. 12B.C.-14A.D.. This same awakening also witnessed the gradual decline of the fundamentalist culture of the Hasmonean high to the point of its being part of the fundamentalist counter-culture of the Augustin high. Conversly, the Christian Awakening ca.14-131 witnessed the decline in the modernist culture of the Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D. and the corresponding rise in a fundamentalist culture that would reach its apex during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131...............The cultural modernism of the Augustin high can be archetypified by using as an example the cult of the Essenes in Judaea. This is the same group that buried its sacred scrolls in caves just above the Dead Sea sometime before the end of 70A.D. Of course, 70A.D. is the year that witnessed both the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the disasterous seige at the fortress of Masada.............. But, during the Augustin high, the Essene cult was alive and culturally quite well and in league with terrorist groups known to the Jews as "sicarii" (stabbers or assasins) and to Josephus and the Romans as "Lestai." One of these sicarii named Judas Iscariot will have an important role to play in the history of [J]e,sus of Nazareth during the spiritual warfare phase of the Christian Awakening ca.14-41, when [J]e,sus was executed on orders given by the artist archetype governor of Judaea, Pontius Pilate..................The counter-culturally modernist story of [J]e,sus of Nazareth was transmitted to others during the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening by his immediate followers known as the Apostles and especially by the prophet archetype Simon, called by Christ, the Rock (i.e.Peter). Peter established the first cosmopolitan Christian community, along with a '"second generation apostle" and nomad archetype named Saul/Paul, at Antioch in Syria sometime around 49A.D.. Peter then joined Paul in the most cosmopolitan center of all, the capitol city of the Mediterranean world, the city of Rome around 62A.D.. There they ministered to the Romans and other denizens of the city during the final days of the reign of the hero archetype Nero Caesar............... The execution of prophet archetype Peter and nomad archetype Paul, the suicide of hero archetype Nero, the accession to the throne of nomad archetype Vespasian, and the destruction of the second temple at Jerusalem by hero archetype Titus, had all happened by the onset of the actual warfare phase ca.70-98 of the Christian Awakening ca.14-131. Indeed, the deaths of Peter and Paul and the destruction of the second temple offer dramatic evidence for a declining modernist culture, while the accession of the Flavian dynasty represented a strong assertion of an imperial power that was a central part of a rising fundamentalist culture that would reach its apex during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131..............It was during the actual warfare phase of the Christian Awakening ca.70-98A.D that the corpus of the New Testament came to be written. The first testament was the Gospel of Mark, then, about ten years later, the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were written along with the Acts of the Apostles. By 95 the final text of the Book of Revelation was composed and soon therafter the final text of John's Gospel was produced along with the three letters of the "gray champion" prophet archetype, John the Elder..............It was at the onset of the Trajanic high around 98, when a wealthy Roman citizen and nomad archetype named Clement became head of Peter's counter-cultural and modernist Roman Church. Clement, of course, was the generational contemporary of Nerva, the first of the cultually fundamentalist so-called "good emperors." Clement apparently lived in a spacious villa located on Vatican Hill in Rome, and today, the archaeological remains of this villa lie beneath the main altar of St. Peter's Basillica on Vatican hill in Rome. In a niche located in a small room in the center of the villa archaeologists found a cache containing several bones that were wrapped in a purple cloth and bound together by a golden ribbon. Sctratched on the ribbon were the Latin letters that spelled the name Petrus............Of course, as we have already seen, Clement and his Christian Church were just one religious tradition among the many competing counter-culturally modernist "Oriental" religious traditions during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high. And, as I have already said, among these were the cult of Isis at Alexandria in Egypt, the cult of Baal-Helios near Antioch in Syria, and the cult of Mithra in the Roman army. It was Clement, in his letters or in letters ascribed to him, who taught the early Christians how to teach devotees of these other religious traditions about Christianity. The lesson was a simple one, to teach the unknown with reference to the known, and the result was the development of the same kinds of spiritual syncretism common to most if not all religious traditions of the day.............As I have already pointed out, the culturally fundamentalist culture of the Trajanic high began in the fundamentalist
counter-culture of the culturally modernist Augustin high ca. 12B.C.-14A.D. Likewise, the counter-cultural modernism of the Trajanic high also began as the culture of the preceeding Augustin high. This would mean that counter-cultural fundamentalism during the culturally modernist Augustin high would be archetypified by the Principate of Caesar Augustus while, as I have already said, the Essene cult in Judaea would archetypify the modernist culture of the same high................. The modernist Essene cult began, of course, in the counter-culture of the preceeding culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca.133-105B.C. The cultural fundamentalism of the Hasmonean steady state can be archetypified by reflecting on the last days of the old Roman republic during the times of the idealistic young artist archetypes Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus. Indeed, the high began with the Romans having just recently come into possession of the Attalid kingdom in western Asia Minor. Thus the entire geographical area once occupied by the Classical Greeks was now Roman and subject to imperial exploitation as were the formerly Greek and Carthaginian areas in the western Medittereanean already being exploited. The Hasmonean high was also the last period of total political independence of the Seleucids in Syria, Jews in Palestine, and Ptolemies in Egypt.............The period between the end of the Hasmonean and beginning of the Augustin steady states ca.105-12B.C. can be described as being dominated by internal struggles within the the fundamentalist cultures of the old Roman republic, the Seleucid kingdom in Syria, the Jews in Palestine, and the Ptolemies in Egypt..........After the assasinations of the artist archetype Gracchi brothers during the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca.133-105B.C., the Essene Awakening began. In its spiritual warfare phase ca.105-76B.C. it was the artist archetypes Marius, the populare versus Sulla, the optimate, in its cultural warfare phase ca.76-44B.C. it was prophet archetype Pompey, the optimate versus nomad archetype Julius Caesar, the populare, and during its actual warfare phase it was the hero archetypes Antony, the populare versing Octavian, the optimate. By the time of Augustus, Roman imperial government was both damaged and in its infancy, but, as I have already said, it was a very pregnant form of counter-cultural fundamentalism and one that would grow to become the dominant fundamentalist culture of the imperialistic Trajanic high ca.98-131.............The other fundamentalist cultures during the Hasmonean high represented the last era in ancient Mediterranean history before Roman political dominance. In Seleucid Syria, the culturally fundamentalist and artist archetype king Antiochus VII was a generational contemporary of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus as well as Marius and Sulla. It was Antiochus who entered into a concilliatory policy with regard to the Hasmonean descendants of the Maccabees. As a result of this new and more lenient policy towards the Jews nomad archetype John Hyrcanus I assumed the high priesthood and kingship in Judaea in 134. Hyrcanus thus became the first priest-king in the history of the Jewish theocracy, a fete not obtained by a Roman emperor until the time of Eluyabalus during the Roman Dominate................During Hyrcanus' reign (i.e. the Hasmonean high) the Hasmonean kingdom attained power and great prosperity and, indeed, his reign would mark the last time, before our own, that Judaea or Israel would be a powerful and united state. In his many military crusades, he championed a form of Jewish imperialism even to the extent that he forced conquered peoples to accept the Jewish faith. Thus was it the case with the forced conversion of Idumaea..........As in Rome, which was dominated by struggles between the "political parties" of optimates and populares, so too in Judaea it was the emergence of Saducee priests versing Pharasitic lawyers. But as in Rome, the "political parties" and their struggles were within the fundamentalist culture of the Hasmonean high and not between the fundamentalist culture and modernist counter-culture. The place of the modernist counter-culture in the Hasmonean high was assumed in the rise of the counter-cultural modernism of the Essene religious tradition..........The Essenes provide not only an important connection with Zoroastrian thinking in their interpretation of the Jewish religious tradition (largely found in the Dead Sea scrolls), but also they provide an important link between the events of the Maccabbean Awakening ca.229-105 before the Hasmonean high (most especially the redaction of the Book of Daniel) with the events of the Christian Awakening ca.14-131...............During the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca.105-76B.C., while artist archetypes Marius and Sulla were fighting it out in Italy, nomad archetype John Hyrcanus was succeeded by his artist archetype son Aristobulus I who reigned briefly but who expressed himself in all things to be a devotee of Hellenism. At his death in 103, his prophet archetype wife and queen, Alexandra Salome, arranged for the coronation of Aristobulus' prophet archetype brother Alexander Jannaeus as high priest and king whom she promptly married. When her new husband died in 76, Alexandra Salome began to rule, Athalian like, on behalf of her nomad archetype sons John Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II..............It was also during the spiritual warfare phase of the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca.105-76 that the books of Maccabees were written and this compilation probably has something to do with the culturally modernist Essene cult that was on its way to its apex during the Augustin high ca.12B.C-14A.D. the steady state into which [J]e,sus of Nazareth was born and would spend the first eighteen years of his short life. The books of Maccabees describe the events of the preceeding cultural and actual warfare periods ca.196-133 of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabean Awakening ca.229-105B.C. that ended, of course, during the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca.133-105 in which the Essene cult had been entrenched as part of the modernist counter-culture....................It was in the earlier period of the Macabean revolt when the Book of Daniel was redacted. We also remember that in its Greek version the book of Daniel was called "Bel and the Dragon." The Book of Daniel,we remember, describes the period of the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Jews that dates to the spiritual and cultural warfare phases ca.597-539 of the Zoroastrian Awakening ca.597-479. This captivity in Babylon followed the destruction of Solomon's temple by the neo-Babylonian king and hero archetype Nebuchadnezzar in 586. The captivity came to an end in 539 when priests of the god Marduk opened the gates of Babylon to allow the entry of the nomad archetype Cyrus the Persian. Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and he provided them with the wherewithall to reconstruct Solomon's destroyed temple................ Apparently what was bothering the Babylonian priests of the god Marduk was the attempt by their king Nabonidas to create a new monotheistic religion whose cult center was to be Harran, the same location where it was said that Terah,Avram,Sarah and their families settled on their way out of "Ur of the Chaldees," probably sometime during the spiritual warfare phase ca.2017-1985 of the culturally modernist Sarahn Awakening ca.2017-1897.............I believe that it is significant to observe at this point that there are two pivatol moments in the history of the Jewish people both having to do with a tradition of "captivity" and religious "monotheism." The most recent of these moments is the one described as the "Babylonian Captivity" and associated with the king Nabonidas, while an earlier moment is the one described in the Book of Exodus and associated with the culturally modernist Mosaic Awakening ca. 1289-1179. The monotheistic king in question during this earlier period of captivity was the Egyptian Pharaoh named Ikhnaton whose story is part of the culturally fundamentalist Nefertitian Awakening ca.1417-1289..............Interestingly, the theology in the books of Macabees reflects a growing Judaic emphasis on such things as the importance and dignity of the second temple, the belief in the resurrection of the body, the efficacy of prayers by the living for the dead or by the departed for the Jewish nation, and the existence of angels. All of these ideas were important to the culturally modernist Essene religious tradition, a tradition whose origins seem to date to the time of the Macabean revolt........... The Essene cult also seems to have been the tradition responsible for redacting and writing both the Book of Daniel and the Books of Macabees. Indeed, the Essene cult has been described as a form of Zoroastrianized Judaism. This observation could be made in an examination of the Dead Sea Scrolls themselves, but also these same observations can be made concerning both the Books of Daniel and Maccabees. I have already shown how important the second temple was in Maccabean theology. This was the post-exilic temple of Ezra and Nehemia who had already been exposed to things Zoroastrian in their concourse with Cyrus the Persian................. This was also the temple "cleansed" by Judas Maccabeus in 164 who used the prophetic imagery in the book of Daniel to demonstrate the superiority of the God of the Jews over pagan idols, like the "Abomination of Desolation," or the statue of the Olympian Zeus placed in the second temple by order of the nomad archetype Seleucid king Antiochus IV. It was an imagery that wanted the Gentiles to acknowledge the God of the Jews as the only God. As I have already indicated, of no little significance in this regard is seeing the Book of Daniel as a representative cultural artifact of Persian influence , that is to say, Zoroastrian influence on the post-exilic Jews.......... Again, as I have also said, these same influences can be found in the Essene cult which rose up at the time of the Macabees who then redacted the books of Daniel and Macabees and may have produced a culturally modernist young prophet archetype [J]e,sus of Nazareth during the culturally modernist Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D.. The Essenes certainly produced the Dead Sea Scrolls that were buried around the time of the destruction of the second temple an incident perportedly predicted by [J]e,sus of Nazareth..............Specifically these Zoriastrian ideas have to do with such things as the "doctrine of Angels," bi polar opposition, appocyliptic visions of a great final battle between the "sons of light" and the "sons of Darkness, a final judgement and visions of Paradise and Hell and the coming of a Messiah figure referred to as the "Son of Man," a phrase frequently used by the counter- culturally modernist [J]e,sus of Nazarith during the spiritual warfare phase ca.14-41 of the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca.14-131 with reference to himself............Before the Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D., during the cultural warfare phase ca.76-44 of the Essene Awakening ca.105 B.C.-14A.D., in 67, prophet archetype Alexandra Salome died and her nomad archetype son John Hycarnus II became high priest. He was pro-Saducee and his brother Aristobolus II was pro-Parasee. Aristobolus II raised an army against his brother whom he defeated at Jericho. Hyrcanus II, on the advice of an Idumaean named Antipater, took refuge with Aretas III, king of the Nabataean Arabs. Again, urged by the Idumaean Antipater and backed by king Aretas, Hyrcanus II beseiged Jerusalem in 65.................At this juncture, the Roman general Scarus was sent to Syria as a legate by prophet archetype Pompey. Both Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II appealed to him for aid. Scarus promptly ordered Hyrcanus II to lift the seige, and as the Nabataean troops withdrew, they were set upon from the rear and defeated by Aristobulus II. The victorious Aristobuls II returned to Jerusalem and began a series of attacks on neighboring provinces. But the people were weary of him and his brother..............When prophet archetype Pompey arrived in Syria in 64, several delegates of Jews appealed to him representing Hyrcanus II, Aristobulus II, and a pro Pharasitical group seeking a new theocratic government under a high priest. Pompey called for a cessation of all hostilities and when Aristobulus II failed to obey, Pompey marched on Jerusalem. Aristobuls II was taken prisoner and shipped to Rome. In 63, Hyrcanus II was once again appointed high priest and ethnarch. Judah was reduced in size losing all territories acquired since Simon's time, and was annexed to Rome as part of the province of Syria governed by Scarus............The Idumaean Antipater was given charge of political relatioships and served as a Roman puppet. The Jewish priest-king theocracy had ended. The province of Judaea was born, to be governed in the future by the Herod's, the descendents of the Idumaean Antipater. In fact, it was not until the onset of the actual warfare phase ca.44-12B.C. of the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca.105B.C.-14A.D. in 40B.C. when the nomad archetype and generational contemporary of Julius Caesar, Herod the Great, son of the Idumaean Antipater, began to attract the attention of his Roman patrons as result of his campaigns against terrorist groups...........In many cases these terrorist groups, known as Lestai to the Romans and Josephus and sicarri to the Jews, represented the militant arm of the Essene cult. Indeed at Masada in 70 both Essene cultist and sicarii assasins died side by side in what they all must have believed was the "final battle" between the "sons of light" (i.e. sicarii and Essenes) against the "sons of Darkness" (i.e. the Romans)...............But, as I said, at the onset of the actual warfare phase of the Essene Awakening in 44B.C., the culturally modernist cult of Isis was introduced into Rome by its high priestess and hero archetype Cleopatra VII. The cult was popular and remained in Rome. Cleopatra,of course, did not and she returned to Egypt finally with her hero archetype paramour Marc Antony. But both were defeated by the counter-cultural fundamentalist and hero archetype Octavian in 30B.C.............During the culturally modernist Augustin high in 4B.C. nomad archetype Herod the Great died. 4B.C. is the same year given by many scholars as the date of the birth of [J]e,sus of Nazareth. Also in 4B.C. the culturally modernist terrorist leader and hero archetype Judas of Galilee took the oportunity of the interregnum to launch his anti-imperial offensive. In the same year he seized the royal armory. Simultaneously a terrorist named Simon "burnt the palace at Jericho and many magnificent residences." A third part of the rebellion was led by a former shepherd named Athnongaeus who succeeded in "harassing all Judaea." The Roman governor Varus restored law and order by capturing 2000 ringleaders and having them all crucified............Judas of Galilee emerged once again as the leader of the main terrorist force. In 6A.D. the Romans tried to conduct a census and Judas warned his countrymen to resist because the census would lead to nothing less than slavery. We know little more than this about the rebellion of Judas of Galilee save for the fact that we know that his prophet archetype sons continued to fight and that two of these generational contemporaries of [J]e,sus of Nazareth were crucified and that one of their nomad archetype sons, a generational contemporary of Saul/Paul, led the suicidal defense of the fortress of Masada in 70A.D..........As I have said, the terrorist groups operating in Judaea during the culturally modernist Augustin high represented the militant wing of the culturally modernist Essene cult. As I have also said, this cult was highly Zoroastrianized and imbued with Maccabean apocyliptic Messianism. Galilee was too small of a place for [J]e,sus and Judas to have lived and fought and taught without knowing about the activities of the other. At the very least Judas and his sons' fighting made things much more dangerous for [J]e,sus, the counter-cultural modernist who preached and taught throughout Judaea during the spiritual warfare phase ca.14-41 of the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca.14-131...........Of course, as I have already said, the modernist counter-culture expressed by [J]e,sus and his disciples would be in decline throughout the spiritual, cultural and actual warfare periods of the Christian Awakening ca.14-131 reaching its nadir during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131. Also, the fundamentalist culture of the Principate would increase through the same periods reaching its apex during the culturally fundamentalist Trajanic high ca.98-131........... The deaths of [J]e,sus, Peter, Paul, the destruction of the second temple, the Masada debacle, and the death of Clement offer ample evidence for the decline of that cultural modernism that had reached its apex in the Essene cult during the preceeding culturally modernist Augustin high when prophet archetype [J]e,sus of Nazareth was born and spent his first eighteen years. Likewise, the continued imperial growth of the Roman Empire throughout the culturally fundamentalist Christian Awakening ca.14-131 testifies to the rise of its fundamentalist culture that would reach its apex during the Trajanic high ca.98-131. The counter-cultural modernist Pope Clement I, though a generational contemporary of nomad archetype Nerva, was not a part of his fundamentalist culture. Likewise, even though he was a generational contemporary of prophet archetype Caligula, [J]e,sus of Nazareth was his cultural opposite even during the time of their childhoods in the culturally modernist Augustin high, when Caligula would have been counter-cultural and [J]e,sus would have been cultural............And, as I have said, the modernist culture that spiritually birthed [J]e,sus had begun as the Essenic counter-culture during the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca133-105. The Essenic counter-culture itself can be linked through the process of actual, cultural, and spiritual warfare of the Maccabean Awakening ca.229-105 to the modernist culture of the preeceeding culturally modernist Barcid high ca.260-229.

Thus, as I have said, the modernist Essene culture of the Augustin high ca.12B.C.-14A.D. can be traced back to the modernist pro-Zoroastrian, anti-Hellenistic Essene counter-culture of the culturally fundamentalist Hasmonean high ca. 133-105B.C. The link between the two steady states being the spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare periods of the culturally modernist Essene Awakening ca. 105B.C.-14A.D.. Likewise, the origins of the modernism of this Essene counter-culture of the Hasmonean high ca.133-105B.C. can be found in the modernist culture of the Barcid high ca.260-229B.C.. This link too is made through the spiritual,cultural and actual warfare periods of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabaean Awakening ca.229-105B.C.. And,of course, the cultural modernism of the Barcid high ca.260-229 is the end product of the spiritual, cultural, and actual warfare periods of the culturally modernist Alexandrian Awakening ca 356-229B.C and which is,of course, linked to the preceding culturally fundamentalist Macedonian Steady State ca.387-356B.C...........We can archetypify the modernist culture of the Barcid high ca. 260-229B.C. by considering the expansion of Carthaginian power in the Iberian peninsuala under members of the Barcid family of Carthage, hero archetype Hamilcar, his artist archetype son-in-law Hasdrubal, and Hamilcar's son, prophet archetype Hannibal. This expansion continued throughout the high until 229 when the Carthaginians were forced by the culturally fundamentalist Romans to recognize the Ebro river as the boundry between Carthaginian and Roman spheres of interests.......In West Asia the period from 260 to 246 saw the culturally fundamentalist Seleucids in Syria and Antigonids in Macedonia united against the cullturally modernist Ptolemies of Egypt. After 246 under artist archetype Ptolemy III the Egyptians had the better of it and occupied Palestine and Syria and even the Seleucid capitol of Antioch until 226.........During this period of Ptolemaic domination, Judah would pass from Syrian to Egyptian influence and out of this new influence a movement emerged that must have been something like a pro-Persian and anti-Hellenistic proto-Maccabaean or proto-Essenic modernist culture. Indeed, the Essenes may have risen out of an earlier movement, the Hasidim (or Saints), who were scrupulous about the Law, and who had removed themselves to caves beyond Jerusalem during this time. It was, after all, during this high when an unknown prophet archetype figure like a Simon Hasmoneus, the eponymous founder of the Maccabaean clan, would have been born and would spend his childhood..........In 246 the culturally fundamentalist new prophet archetype Seleucid king, Seleucus II found himself surrounded by problems. In the southwest, as I have already said, the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy III occupied Antioch. In the East, the Parthians represented an even greater threat under their aggressive culturally modernist king Arsaces I. In the northwest, the culturally modernist Attalids were carving out a kingdom for themselves, at Seleucid expense, in western Asia Minor and then allying themselves with the culturally fundamentalist Romans. After 246 as well, the culturally fundamentalist artist archetype Antigonid king Demitrius II was having his own problems with the rise of the culturally modernist Achaean and Aetolian confederacies.........Thus during the culturally modernist Barcid high there were two East-West confrontations. In West Asia it was the culturally modernist Parthians against the culturally fundamentalist Seleucids. In the western Mediterranean it was the culturally modernist Carthaginians facing off against the culturally fundamentalist Romans who had already become a peninsular and island empire with their acquisition of Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily..........The onset of the spiritual warfare phase ca.229-196B.C. of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabaean Awakening ca.229-105B.C. saw a continuing decline of the culturally fundamentalist Antigonids in Macedonia as a result of pressures coming from the culturally fundamentalist Romans. But the onset of the Maccabaean Awakening also saw an unsuspected reemergence of the power of the culturally fundamentalist Seleucids under prophet archetype Antiochus III, the Great..........Once again, the culturally modernist Ptolemies were under stress. However, a significant battle took place at Raphia in 217. The battle was won by a native Egyptian army. For the first time, a native West Asian army defeated the Greeks. The archetect of this victory was the Egyptian prophet archetype Queen Arsinoe III. And, it was from this point that scholars speak of an extreme "Egyptianizing" of the Ptolemaic monarchy, and the development of a close relationship between the natives and their queens in their guise as high priestesses of the cult of Isis.........One of the most dramatic examples of the Egyptianizing of the Ptolemaic dynasty was a document produced in 196, the date that ends the spiritual and begins the cultural warfare phases of the Maccabaean Awakening ca.229-105. This document, written in 196, was the one that proclaimed the marriage between the nomad archetype Ptolemy V to his nomad archetype Seleucid queen Cleopatra I, the daughter of Antiochus III. The document proclaiming the union is the famous tri-lingual Rosetta Stone which was central to the decipherment of Egyptian heiroglyphics by the French linguist, Jean Franciose Champollion during the 1stGA culturally modernist Bonaparte high ca.1801-1819............It was also during the spiritual warfare phase ca.229-196 of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabaean Awakening ca.229-105 when a second Punic War was fought between the culturally fundamentalist Romans and the culturally modernist Carthaginians and especially with the prophet archetype Hannibal. Like the native cult of Isis queens of Egypt, the religious motivation of the Carthaginians had always been the cult of Baal since, of course, they were descended from the Phoenicians of Syria.........No sooner had the culturally modernist Carthaginians been defeated by the culturally fundamentalist Romans, than the culturally modernist Greek states of Athens, Corinth,Thebes, Pergamum, and the Ptolemies all called upon the culturally fundamentalist Romans to defend them from the dual threat from the culturally fundamentalist Seleucid prophet archetype king Antiochus III and the prophet archetype Antigonid king Philip V. The alliance was defeated at Cynoscephalae in 197 and the Romans proclaimed "freedom" for the Greeks.............It was also during this spiritual warfare phase ca. 229-196 of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabaean Awakening ca.229-105 that two new "Oriental" cults were imported into Rome. The first of these cults was the cult of Bacchus "borrowed" from the soon to be conquerd Greeks, while the second was that of the Great Mother of Asia imported from the territory of the Attalid kingdom of Pergamum, Rome's new ally, and next colony after Macedonia and Greece, but the first in Asia..........It was also during the spiritual warfare phase of the Maccabaean Awakening that the counter-culturally modernist nomad archetype Mathathais Hasmoneas was born and would spend his childhood. Indeed. the cultural warfare phase ca.196-164 of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabaean Awakening ca.229-105 saw the last days of the fundamentalist Seleucid king Antiochus III. He was succeeded by his nomad archetype son Seleucis IV and then at his death in 175 by his notorius nomad archetype brother Antiochus IV. In 168, after a successful war with Egypt, Antiochus marched on Jerusalem and demanded a cessation of Jewish practices and ordered that a statue of the Olympian Zeus be placed in the holy of holies of the second temple. A temple that had been rebuilt, we remember, in the time of Ezra and Nehemia after the end of the Babylonian captivity with nomad archetype Cyrus the Persians' money..........It was at this point that Judah became engulfed in a wave of counter-culturally modernist Messianism. Messianism among the Jewish people has a very long tradition. Indeed all ancient peoples--not unlike most modern ones--believed that battles could not be won without divine assistance. To win an empire, or merely to survive as an independent state, you needed warriors with whom ancestors, angels, or gods were willing to cooperate............Hero archetype David, the founder of the first and largest Jewish empire during the actual warfare phase ca.1007-980 of the culturally modernist Samuelian Awakening ca.1069-949, claimed to be in divine partnership with the Jewish God, YHWH. The people called David messiah (Hebrew,mashia), a term which they also applied to priests and shields, Davids nomad archetype predecessor Saul, and David's artist archetype son Solomon.............So messiah probably originally meant any person or thing possessing great holiness and sacred power. David was also called the Anointed One--the one who, by collaboration with YHWH, was entitled to rule over YHWH's earthly domains............David was born Elhanan ben Jesse. The name David, meaning "great commander," was given to him to celebrate his victories on the battlefield. His rise to power from humble beginnings provided the basic inspiration --the life plan--for the ideal Jewish military-messianic career..........Now, the Jewish priests insisted down to the time of [J]e,sus that YHWH had made a covenant with David. Yhwh had promised that David's dynasty would never end. But,David's empire actually began to crumble shortly after his death. It disappeared temporarily when Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem in 586 and deported large numbers of Jews to Babylonia. Afterwards the Jewish state resumed a stable and peaceful existence as the dependant client in the Persian empire until the conquest by Alexander the great. YHWH told Moses; "You shall rule over many nations but they shall not rule over you." Yet YHWH's promised land was an unlikely spot from which to launch the conquest of the world. For one thing, it was a military thruway--the main corridor along which all of the imperial armies of Asia, Africa and Europe chased each other to and from Egypt. Before any indigenous imperial growth could take root in Palestine, it was stamped out by some million-footed monster of an army passing in one direction or the other. Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and Greeks sallied back and forth through Palestine, often burning the same place twice before they yielded to the next in line...........The experiences of the Jews placed a considerable strain on the credibility of YHWH's sacred books and his remnant priesthood. Why had YHWH permitted so many nations to become great while his chosen people were repeatedly conquered and enslaved? Why hadn't YHWH kept his promise to David? This was the great mystery which the Jewish holy men and prophets kept trying to decipher. Their answer was contractual in nature, YHWH had not kept his promise to David because the Jews had not kept theirs to YHWH. The people had violated the sacred laws and had practiced impure rites. They had sinned.; they were guilty; they had caused their own ruin............ But YHWH was a forgiving God and he would still keep his promise if the Jews, despite their punishment, continued to believe that he was the One True God. By realizing what they had done, by repenting and asking for forgiveness, the people could atone for their sin and YHWH would reinstate the contract, save them, redeem them, and make them greater than ever before. Mysteriously, when the atonement was complete--at a moment known only to YHWH--his people would be avenged. YHWH would send another military prince like David, messiah, anointed one, to destroy the enemy nations. Great battles would be fought; the whole earth would heave with the clash of armies and the fall of cities. In Zoroastrian fashion it would be the end of one world and the beginning of another, for YHWH would not have made the Jews wait and suffer had he not intended to give them a greater reward than any previously known by man.............And so the Old Testament teems with the promises of the redemptive prophets--Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Micah, Zechariah, and others--all urging or sanctioning the adoption of a military-messianic lifestyle. Isaiah speaks of a "wonderful counselor, mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace" who will reign forever on the throne of David. This savior will tread the Assyrian down "like the mire of the streets"; reduce Babylon to a deserted city inhabited by owls, satyrs and other "doleful creatures"; make the people of Moab "bald and beardless"; reduce Damascus to a ruiness heap;" and "provoke Egypt into civil war"; "everyone against his neighbor"; "city against city and kingdom against kingdom."............Jeremiah has YHWH say: "In those days and in that time, will I cause the Branch of Righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute Judgement and righteousness in the land." And then "the sword shall devour" the Egyptian "and it shall be satiate and made drunk with their blood." The Philestines "shall cry and all the inhabitents of the land shall howl." From Moab "a continual weeping will go up." Ammon will become "a desolate heap and her daughters shall be burned in fire." In Damascus "the young men shall fall in her streets." Hazor will become " a dwelling for dragons." Elam is to be "consumed by the sword," and as for Babylon: "Come against her from the utmost border, open her storehouses; cast her up as heaps and destroy her utterly; let nothing of her be left.".............The Book of Daniel--redacted about 165B.C., when the temple was desecrated and when Palestine was ruled by Antiochus IV--also speaks of military-messianic redemption by an anointed one, the Prince, leading to a great Jewish empire: "I saw in the night visions, and behold the Son of Man came with the clouds...and there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all the peoples, nations and languages shall serve him...an everlasting dominion...[a] kingdom that shall not be destroyed.".........As I said earlier, it was into this environment, during the cultural warfare phase ca.196-164 of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabaean Awakening ca 229-105B.C. that hero archetype Judas Maccabaeus was born and would spend his childhhood and, in 164, cleanse the 2nd temple that had been violated by Antiochus IV............It was during the actual warfare phase ca.164-133B.C. of the Maccabaean Awakening ca. 229-105B.C. that the culturally fundamentalist Seleucids once again found themselves with multiple problems. In the east its one-time ally and sometimes enemy kingdom of the Antigonids was at first defeated and then reduced to provincial status by the culturally fundamentalist Romans. By 146, the Romans had disolved both the Aechaean and Aetolian leagues and destroyed the city of Corinth. The culturally modernist kingdom of Pergamum that was carved out of Seleucid territory in Asia Minor was first allied and then "willed" to the Romans in 133 by its last king and hero archetype Attalus III. To its east the Seleucid kingdom faced an ever agressive and growing kingdom of the Parthians under kings Mithradates I and Phraates II............To the southwest the Seleucids were confronted with the Maccabaean revot in Judah. Indeed, the rebellious Jews were fortunate in the fact that the Ptolemies in Egypt were themselves torn by internal dynastic problems. First it was between the hero archetypes Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II and then it was the artist archetypes Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. Indeed, these divisions and struggles seem to be associated with the male members of the dynasty being associated with the Greeks while the females, as high priestesses of the cult of Isis, were more native Egyptian in their orientation. In any case, these struggles and divisions would ultimatelly determine the succsession to the throne of the prophet archetypes Ptolemy IX and X...........At the same time that the culturally fundamentalist Seleucids were under stress and the Ptolemies in Egypt were divided that the culturally fundamentalist Romans launched a 3rd Punic War against the culturally modernist Carthaginians. In the end, Carthage would be destroyed in 146, the same year as Corinth............Thus, as I have said, it was in the context of a rising Rome, declining Seleucids and divided Ptolemies that we find the revolt of the culturally modernist Maccabaeans. The origins of this crisis, of course, dates to the attempted forced Hellenization of the Jews by Antiochus IV and the core of Maccabaean ideology was an abiding hatred of things Greek...........In the opening paragraph of the first Book of Maccabees we find the reason for why they must fight. "Alexander of Macedon son of Philip...defeated Darius king of the Persians and Medes whom he succeeded as ruler...He undertook many campaigns, gained possession of many fortresses, and put the local kings to death. So he advanced to the ends of the earth, plundering nation after nation; the earth grew silent before him and his ambitious heart swelled with pride. He assembled very powerful forces and subdued provinces, nations, and princes, and they became his tributaries...Alexander had reigned twelve years when he died. Each of his officers established himself in his own region. All assumed crowns after his death, they and their heirs after them for many years, bringing increasing evils on the world.".............Of course, the period when " the earth grew silent" before the culturally fundamentalist and nomad archetype Alexander of Macedon was during the spiritual warfare phase ca. 356-323B.C. of the culturally modernist Alexandrian Awakening ca. 356-229B.C.. The period when "Each of his officers established himself in his own region" began during the cultural warfare phase ca.323-290B.C. of the culturally modernist Alexandrian Awakening ca. 356-229B.C.. The period when "All assumed crowns after his death and they and their heirs after them for many years," began during the actual warfare phase ca.290-260B.C. of the culturally modernist Alexandrian Awakening ca. 356-229B.C.. As I have already showed, all of this coalesed during the culturally modernist Barcid high 260-229B.C. which produced something in the way of a backlash in the Hasidim, the ancestors of the anti-Greek, pro Persian Essenic culture............And, it was during the actual warfare phase ca.164-133B.C. of the culturally fundamentalist Maccabaean Awakening ca.229-105B.C. that the anti-Greek hostility came to a head. Inspired by the battle of Raphia in 217 as well as the prophecies in the Book of Daniel, the Maccabees took to the field and made war upon the gentiles. Hero archetype Judas called to himself all those who loved the Law. He understood that even if they are outnumbered, those who fight for a cause can overcome those who, like many of the Greek troops, were mercenaries fighting only for a pay packet or hapless ordinary men drafted against their will. "It is easy," cried Judas to his partisans, "for a great number to be defeated by a few....They are coming against us in full-blown insolence ans lawlessness to destroy us, our wives, and our children, and to plunder us; but we are fighting for our lives and our laws, and He will crush them before our eyes; do not be afraid of them."..............Indeed, Antiochus's rage at this rebellion and his subsequent mustering of an overwhelming force made clear to the partisans that their defeat would spell the end not only of their lives and those of their families but of Judaism itself. They had no choice but victory. Thus while the culturally fundamentalist Romans were stamping out political and religious freedom among the culturally modernist Greeks and Carthaginians, the culturally modernist Maccabees were winning the first clear victory for freedom of worship from the culturally fundamentalist Seleucids. But in his later campaigns, after the Seleucids no longer posed a threat, Judas became more savage and took up the Alexandrian principle of putting whole cities to the sword and dealing mercilessly with whoever dared defy him.

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