The future history of the Transhuman Space setting explicitly references the saeculum and generational theory. It posits a Transhuman Awakening beginning in the 2040s, during which radical youths experiment wildly with cybernetic enhancements, genetic therapies, and designer drugs. These Transhumanists are opposed by the Preservationists, heirs to the environmental and green movements of the 20th century, who argue that the technological reconfiguration of man and his environment threatens to destabilize naturally-evolved ecological relationships.
Interestingly, the Awakening is followed in the 2070s by the Overturn, an Unraveling during which the fragmentation of the human race into dozens of engineered "parahuman" species and the emergence of sapient artificial intelligences throws into question the universality of the human condition. The result is political, economic, and social balkanization and a diaspora of fringe elements into space.
In the 2080s, there is a conflict known as the Pacific War, fought between the Transpacific Socialist Alliance (an ideological bloc united by shared
nanosocialist principles) on the one hand and China on the other. The war is essentially a hamfisted attempt by China (now thoroughly corporatist) to enforce international copyright and patent law in the face of widespread and flagrant IP piracy. Although China manages to topple the nanosocialist government of Thailand (leader of the Alliance), it fails to break the Transpacific bloc entirely, and the war is widely perceived as a costly and futile episode presaging an even larger conflict -- rather like the First World War.
As of 2100 ("present day" for the setting), a major geopolitical upheaval seems imminent, as India leans strongly nanosocialist and threatens to throw in with the TSA, totally upsetting the balance of power on Earth. It is hinted in the source material that a 4T has been delayed somewhat by the lengthening of the saeculum due to life-extension technology, so the Transhuman Space setting is not yet in full-blown Crisis mode, but everyone in the world knows it's only a matter of time before the ideological rift between capitalism/corporatism and nanosocialism leads to a global conflagration.